About History Of Swine Flu

Swine flu is a carefully watched type of flu because pigs vary from most recipients, carriers and transmitters of transmittable flu strains. Unlike most wildlife, they can deal anthropoid and avianborne influenza, recombine it and then put out it in a new, more treacherous and more handling-tough form.

Flu is always being passed around the anthropological population, but hardly has it reached reassuring epidemic proportions.

History of pig flu (H1N1)

In 1976, there was an plague of boar flu at Fort Dix. This computer program is not the same as the 2009 eruption, but it was similar insofar as it was an respiratory tract infection A that had Trojan horsesimilarities to the swine flu worm. The authority decided to foodstuffs a vaccine against this infection, but the vaccine was accompanying with complications (Guillain-Barr syndrome) and was discontinued. Some individuals neural know that formalin, used to inactivate the disease, may have played a role in the of this complication in 1976. There is no evidence that improvement everyone who obtained this vaccine would be inaccessible against the 2009 hog flu. One of the reasons it takes a few months to work out a new vaccine is to test the vaccine for safety to get out of the complications seen in the 1976 vaccine. New vaccines against any flu virus type are by and large made by mounting sickness in eggs. A particleslife-threatening side effect (allergic response such as swelling of the air transport company) to vaccines can occur in people who are allergic to eggs; these people be duty-bound to not get flu vaccines. Individuals with in action infections or diseases of the nervous system are also not recommended to get flu vaccines.

The Present Swine Flu Threat

There was an occurrence of swine flu in the Philippines in 2007. The National Meat Inspection Service there raised a hog cholera red alert warning for the Manila county, then for five regions of Luzon after the health extent to backyard pig farms.

The strain involved in the near 2009 rash involves a illness similar to that found in U.S. pigs since 1999, but there are also resemblances to versions nearby in European boar. One hypothesis believes Asian and European strains traveled to Mexico in seasonal birds, or in people, then combined with North American strains in Mexican pig plant farms before transmitted to Mexican farm individual human resources.

It's hard to believe but, according to an April 22 statement by the U.S. Center for Disease Control, there is no state-owned surveillance system in residence to determine what viruses are circulating in U.S. pigs.

Prevention Tips for Swine Flu

Swine flu H1 N1 Prevention Tips:

Being world's one of big problems, Swine flu is a matter of concern. Recent study says that more than 100 cases are there in India only.
Few Ayurvedic Medicine for Swine Flu-H1 N1 can be effectively used to reduce lack of resistance capabilities.
Few tips are as follows:

1. Take Giloy (Amta)’s one foot long branch and seven leaf of Tulsi and mix it and collect juice of this mixture in a pot and boil this juice and drink it. It increases our body resistant capacities up to three times.
2. Affected patient should be wrapped into a cotton cloth and should be remained isolated from others to prevent it from spreading.
3. People should use mustard oil and sesame oil to clean their nostrils thrice a day and swallow six to eight Tulsi leaves with water every day.
4. Black pepper and fenugreek are antiviral and toxin removers. Their mixed powder with butter milk shoul be taken.
5. Burning incense of neem, camphor can kill germs and virus in the air around.
6. Keep yourself and your house germ free to avoid any kind of infection, one should wash hands regularly as best practice.

About Pandemic Flu

An infection (flu) sickness is at present being forecast by experts at the WHO.It is basically famous as "pandemic", Pan comes from Latin and Greek meaning across or around and Demos means populations.

Pandemic Alert:

1. No viruses circulating among fauna have been reported to cause infections in humans.

2. An physical flu computer program is recognized to have caused septicity in humans.

3. An visceral or anthropoid-innate influenza disease has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in general public, but it has not resulted in social-to-anthropological communication adequate to brook community-level outbreaks.

4. There is confirmed human-to-humanoid broadcast of an bodily or hominoid-instinctive cold worm able to cause community-level outbreaks.

Here are the key steps health experts suggest:

Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing.

Avoid close connection with sick society.

Avoid stirring your opening, nose, or eyes.

If you're sick, stay at home. Cover your nose and outlet with a tissue when you sneeze, and shy the tissue in the refuse then.

All about Swine Flu H1N1

Swine flu is a debasement caused by an infection. It's known as for a Trojan horse that pigs can get. People do not unexceptionally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. The virus is transmissible and can passed from human to human. Symptoms of pig flu in community are similar to the symptoms of set human flu and incorporate malaise, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and energy.

There are antiviral medicines you can take to thwart or extravagance boar flu. There is a vaccine obtainable to protect against hog flu. You can help nip in the bud the plantation of germs that effect breathing illnesses like influenza by:

1. Covering your nose and backchat with a muscle when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the rubbish after you use it.
2. Washing your hands seldom with soap and sea, specially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.
3. Avoiding sad your eyes, nose or aperture.
4. Trying to circumvent close connection with sick inhabitants.
5. Staying home from work or faculty if you are sick.

Swine flu blamed for rise in pregnancy deaths

The swine flu virus is being blamed for a leap in the number of pregnant women dying in New Zealand and Australia.

New research has found 11 per cent of pregnant mothers admitted to intensive care in Australia later died of swine flu, or H1N1. Twelve per cent of their babies also died.

The study, published in the British Medical Journal this week, comes from analysis of intensive care records during last winter.

Of 209 women of child-bearing age placed in intensive care with swine flu, 64 were pregnant or had recently given birth. Seven of those died, including four in New Zealand.

Researcher Claire McLintock, from Auckland Hospital, said the small numbers in the survey meant they could not draw wide-ranging conclusions about the high number of New Zealand women who died.

McLintock said: "There's normally very few deaths in pregnancy, only a handful each year. Worldwide there will be a big spike in pregnancy-related deaths for 2009 because of H1N1."

None of the 64 pregnant women had received the flu vaccine, despite it being free and encouraged for pregnant women.

Christchurch woman Melissa McDonnell was six months' pregnant when she contracted swine flu.

She said she was unsure what effect the virus would have on her and her unborn baby.

"No one knew what it was going to be like for pregnant women.

"I didn't want to take the Tamiflu vaccine; but if I had broken into a serious fever, I would have."

McDonnell said eating well and lots of sleep helped her through. She now has a healthy 5-month-old daughter, Georgia.

Norma Campbell from the New Zealand College of Midwives was not surprised by the findings.

"Certainly we do know pregnant women are far more at risk and it would seem to be they are later in pregnancy.

"All through history women who are pregnant are more at risk of influenza and H1N1 seems to be particularly so."

Almost 15,000 people died during the 2009 swine flu pandemic. Nineteen New Zealanders are believed to have been among them.

WHO : Global swine flu toll reaches 16,713

GENEVA — Swine flu has claimed at least 16,713 lives around the world since it was first uncovered in Mexico and the United States last April, the World Health Organisation said Friday.

The pandemic, which has spread to 213 countries and territories, has since waned in much of Europe and North America, but data indicated that transmission may be increasing in West Africa.

"In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggests that on-going community transmission of pandemic influenza virus continues to increase in parts of West Africa, without clear evidence of a peak in activity," said the WHO.

More cases were being detected in Senegal, Ivory Coast and Rwanda, it said.

The A(H1N1) virus was also spreading in Southeast Asia, with transmission "most active in Thailand," added the UN health agency.

More ..http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g-7lLAUKg7E8EhrZwtwwmytJaFnQ

57 million Americans hit by Swine flu, kills 17,000

 The deadly H1N1 influenza virus, also known as swine flu, may have affected more than 57 million Americans and killed as many as 17,000 of them, according to new official estimates.

Though 2,498 confirmed deaths linked to the H1N1 virus had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta as of January 30, the agency estimates that between 8,330 and 17,160 people actually have died from H1N1.

The overwhelming majority of the people who died - between 6,390 and 13,170 - were 18 to 64 years old, according to the CDC estimates released Friday. Between 880 and 1,810 children 17 years old and younger also died from this flu, it estimated.

In comparison, the CDC says that in a regular flu season, about 36,000 people in the United States die from seasonal flu, with 90 percent of the deaths usually occurring in people age 65 and older.

While the new figures show the H1N1 pandemic virus is still spreading, they also reflect a slowdown in the transmission of the illnesses since last October. The CDC had last estimated about 55 million Americans had been sickened, 246,000 were hospitalised and about 11,100 had died through mid-December.

While health officials have yet to declare the end of the influenza pandemic, a new round of widespread illness is increasingly unlikely now that a substantial portion of the American population has been either sickened by or vaccinated against the H1N1 pandemic virus. About 70 million people have been vaccinated.

In a separate weekly report of H1N1 influenza activity, the CDC said most influenza strains circulating as of Feb 6 are the H1N1 strain and not strains that cause seasonal influenza.

As of Feb 6, the majority of states reported “sporadic” transmission of the H1N1 virus, the CDC said. However, the CDC said doctor visits for influenza-like illnesses increased slightly over the previous week but “remain low overall.”

Schoolchildren In Some areas Had Swine Flu

Estimates were based on the numbers of people seeing their GP or contacting the flu line with symptoms but this did not capture the cases which were mild or had no symptoms, the Health Protection Agency experts said.

In an article published online in The Lancet medical journal Prof Elizabeth Miller and colleagues described how blood samples taken before and after the swine flu outbreak has found many more people had the disease.

Before the outbreak only 1.8 per cent of children aged up to four years had any immunity against H1N1 rising to almost a third of people over 80 who were probably exposed to very similar viruses in previous pandemics.

But in August and September the proportion of children aged up to four with H1N1 antibodies rose to one fifth in London and the West Midlands. Almost half of children aged between five and 14 had antibodies, they said.

Prof Miller wrote: “Rates of infection with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in the first wave were greatest in children younger than 15 years of age, with an estimated 45 per cent of schoolchildren aged five to 14 years being infected in high incidence regions.

"This finding is consistent with the high level of susceptibility in children and the increased potential for transmission that occurs within schools. We also showed substantial differences between regions in the extent of infection during the first wave.

“This serological study shows the true extent of H1N1 infection in the initial wave of the pandemic in England in 2009. Its findings should be applicable to other countries that have experienced a similar first wave.”

In a separate study it was found that because so many children were infected in the first wave that by the time the second wave hit, after the schools reopened in September, there was little impact the vaccine could make on the spread of the disease.

This supports the approach taken by government to vaccinate people at risk of complications if they contracted swine flu rather than a blanket programme aimed at slowing the spread of the disease.

Prof Miller added “This model, together with the serological data, would suggest that by the time vaccine became available in the UK in late October, 2009, the potential for mitigating the overall effect of the second wave by vaccination was limited.

“Around one child in every three was infected with 2009 pandemic H1N1 in the first wave of infection in regions with a high incidence, ten times more than estimated from clinical surveillance. Pre-existing antibody in older age groups protects against infection. Children have an important role in transmission of influenza and would be a key target group for vaccination both for their protection and for the protection of others through herd immunity.”

12 more suspected H1N1 cases in Mumbai

Mumbai: Twelve suspected swine flu patients were today quarantined at the civic body-run Kasturba Hospital here following symptoms of H1N1 as panicked citizens queued up outside the hospital for check up. Outside the Kasturba Hospital in South Mumbai, which is the referral hospital to quarantine swine flu cases, a large number of people gathered since morning.

The hospital authorities counselled them, checked all the patients who came with fever or throat infection and asked them to take rest and not to panic. "After the Maharashtra government advised yesterday that people with suspected H1N1 virus infection should go to the government specified hospital and not to any private hospital, today at least 50 people came to our hospital for check-up for various symptoms," Dr Umesh Aigel, Superintendent of the hospital told PTI. "We are giving counseling to those who came just for a check-up as they do want to take any chance with their kin having fever or any throat infections," he said.

"We checked all of them and send them back," he said. 16 more beds were arranged at the hospital to cope with the additional rush, the official said.


Currently three confirmed flu patients are undergoing treatment in the hospital with Tamiflu and antibiotics, he added.

swine flu death in pandemic Pune

Pune, Aug 3 (IANS) Days after Pune was declared a pandemic city for swine flu, a 14-year-old girl succumbed to the virus there Monday - making it India’s first death due to influenza A(H1N1). The girl was suffering from the flu for over a fortnight and died due to “delayed treatment”, health officials said.
Meanwhile, seven more people tested positive for the flu Monday, taking the total number of cases to 558 in the country. Of these, 470 patients have been discharged after treatment. About 2,479 people have been tested so far.
Confirming news of the death, union Health Secretary Naresh Dayal said in New Delhi that the girl was given anti-flu medicine at a very late stage.
“It appears she was treated late. If she had been treated earlier, she could have been saved,” Dayal told a news channel. “It is a matter of concern,” he added.
“The deceased patient, Riya Shaikh, had been admitted to Jehangir Hospital, a private hospital, July 21. As per preliminary information, she passed away this evening,” a health official in Pune told IANS.
Pune, which has already become the country’s swine-flu capital, notched 102 patients Monday, of whom 86 are children, mostly school students, he said.
The girl had consulted a general practitioner when she first reported flu-like symptoms - sore throat, runny nose, headache - on July 21. When her condition improved, she joined school on July 23.
“She again developed fever on July 25, for which she consulted another private practitioner. Her fever continued and she was admitted to a private nursing home in Pune July 27,” according to a health ministry statement.
Her condition worsened and she was shifted to the ICU and put on the ventilator on July 29. “The patient’s lung aspirate was sent to the NIV (National Institute of Virology) on July 31 and was tested positive for swine flu.”
She was put on Oseltamivir or Tamiflu on July 30. “Her condition deteriorated again with multi-system involvement and she expired on the evening of August 3,” the statement said.
Health officials are flummoxed how a serious patient of H1N1 could remain under treatment in a private hospital and are inquiring whether the case was notified to the authorities or not, especially since Pune had been declared a ‘pandemic’ city last month.
Dilip Bhan, divisional commissioner of Pune, maintained: “We were not aware of the patient. She had taken private treatment. People should not go to private hospitals and instead get themselves admitted to government hospitals.”
“After the death we have all become very conscious and alert. We are taking every precautionary measure to ensure that no more deaths take place,” he added
The health ministry said the Pune hospital staff, including three doctors and a nurse, who had treated the girl and had developed respiratory symptoms were being treated with Oseltamivir.
“About 85 other hospital contacts have been put on prophylaxis, while 31 contacts, including 11 family contacts, have also been put on chemoprophylaxis,” it added.
Dayal said they have already issued guidelines regarding swine flu to schools as it is mostly affecting children.
Asked if the government has issued any guidelines of closing down the schools, he said: “Guidelines are very clear. If a child is suffering from swine flu virus he should not come to school and get himself isolated. We have not recommended closing down of schools.”
He said they are monitoring the situation and would take action and review the situation following the girl’s death.
Dayal also said the government has enough stock of anti-flu medicines and if the need arose they would be able to acquire more. Since Tamiflu is available only in select government hospitals, Dayal said the government would review the situation.
Most of the cases are being reported from the metros as the infected people were returning from foreign jaunts.
“(More cases) will happen,” he said, adding that at the time people return to India they do not exhibit symptoms of the flu, which has an incubation period of seven-10 days. “The symptoms develop later,” Dayal said.
He added that one third of the people who test positive for swine flu are those identified at the entry point, while the rest are cases who report themselves later.
“The infection is largely from abroad and is mainly confined to cities. No case has been reported from rural areas,” he added.
Dayal stressed that testing for swine flu can’t be done in private hospitals.
“Testing can’t be done in every hospital lab. Certain care has to be taken while taking samples. The doctor or the technician has to wear protective gear. If it is not taken carefully, more people could be infected,” he added.
Asked if India has handled the swine flu cases properly, he said: “We have handled it better than other countries. We have only one death from the virus.”
On Monday, seven positive cases were reported in the country - Delhi (2), Pune (3), Chennai (1) and Ahmedabad (1).
Health officials said an 11-year-old boy in Delhi contracted the virus from another person.
Pune continued to report swine flu, with three new cases, including two children. They contracted the virus in school.
In Chennai, an eight-year-old boy, who had arrived from Muscat on July 29, tested positive.
In Ahmedabad, a 27 year-old woman doctor who was on airport screening duty, reported with flu-like symptoms on July 30.
In Maharashtra, the number of cases rose to 147 Monday - with 102 in Pune, 20 in Mumbai, 23 in the hill-station of Panchgani, and two in Thane.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) till July 27, about 134,503 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) have been reported. About 816 deaths have been reported, mostly from Mexico and the US.

Saudi Aarabia Health Ministery requested people to avoid Haj pilgrimage

The WHO, which declared a swine flu pandemic in June, said the total number of laboratory confirmed cases worldwide is now over 318,925, but this estimate is significantly lower than the actual number of cases that have occurred, as many countries have stopped testing and reporting individual cases, particularly the milder ones.

Saudi Arabian has written to several swine flu-affected countries, including India, advising those at a high risk of catching swine flu, like children, pregnant women and people suffering from chronic ailments, to avoid Haj pilgrimage and help curb the spread of the pandemic.

"Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, recommends that elderly, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases and children should postpone the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages this year for their own safety," the advisory from Saudi Arabia said.

According to India's health ministry, those wishing to go on the pilgrimage would be medically examined for the symptoms of influenza A (H1N1) at the point of embarkation, that is at the place where booking of pilgrims takes place in their respective states.

India's swine flu toll raised to 290 after five more deaths

India's swine flu influenza A (H1N1) virus  toll raised to 290 after five more deaths - out of which one case came to light in Andhra Pradesh and other four from Karnataka on Saturday.

From Andhra Pradesh some more suspected Swine Flu deaths have been reported but health Authorities in New Delhi said that they are awaiting confirmation reports from laboratory.

Moreover, fresh 208 Swine Flu cases were reported all over the country taking India toll of Infected People with swine flu influenza A (H1N1) virus to 9,492. These fresh cases were reported from Delhi (66), Tamil Nadu (32), Maharashtra (32), Andhra Pradesh (24), Karnataka (18), Kerala (13) and Haryana (13).

Since the outbreak of this deadly virus  known as swine flu, a total of 3,917 people have died globally. Out of these, alone 2,948 deaths occured in America. The second highest death rate that is 362 are occured in West Pacific. After that four WHO regional offices in Southeast Asia, Europe, East Mediterranean and Africa reported 340, 154, 72 and 41 deaths respectively.

CDC Urges Vaccination due to rise in Swine Flu Cases

In U.S. number of Swine Flu cases going to rise; CDC officials inspire the public for getting vaccinated against Seasonal Flu and Swine Flu.

CDC held a media briefing pn Swine Flu. There MD, Director of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Annie Schuchat, said ''Unfortunately we are seeing more illness, more hospitalizations, and more deaths."

Virtually all, she says, is due to the H1N1 virus. By this date 37 states of US has been infected due to Swine Flu virus and last week nineteen pediatric deaths were reported added Annie Schuchat,. "We are now up to 76 children having died'' this year from swine flu -- many more already, she said, than the typical toll from influenza in past years.

From Aug. 30 to Oct. 3, 1,784 U.S. adults and children have died from pneumonia or influenza of all types, according to the CDC.

 For more report

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Influenza A H1N1 Vaccines : with or without Adjuvant?

An adjuvant is a substance added to vaccines to enhance immune response. Its inclusion reduces the dose of antigen required, thus producing more doses of vaccine with the same amount of antigen.

The vaccine against seasonal influenza does not typically contain an adjuvant. Some, however, contain an oil in water emulsion containing squalene (MF59 of Novartis).

Vaccines against influenza A (H1N1) occurred either without adjuvant (especially the U.S.) with an adjuvant containing squalene (especially in Europe).

Squalene, said WHO is a substance found naturally in plants, animals and humans. In humans, it is synthesized in the liver. It is commercially extracted from fish oil.

"Since 1997, 22 million doses of flu vaccine from Chiron (the FLUAD) were administered without safety concerns. The vaccine contains about 10 mg of squalene per dose and he was not associated with any serious adverse reaction. It has been observed some moderate local reactions, "says the WHO.

The effects of this adjuvant, however, are little known on special populations such as pregnant women, immunocompromised persons or very young children. The High Council of Public Health (HCSP) recommends the use of non-adjuvanted vaccines for children 6 to 23 months, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.

In Canada, GlaxoSmithKline will provide a version without adjuvant, which will be offered to pregnant women.

3 weeks period is recommended between seasonal and pandemic vaccines

The French authorities advise not to delay the seasonal vaccine, then to meet a deadline of at least three weeks before receiving the pandemic vaccine, as recommended by the High Council of Public Health.

People over 65, those suffering from certain illnesses, those residing in a medical facility in the medium or long stay and health professionals are covered by the vaccination for seasonal influenza. More than 9 million policyholders Monday will receive a voucher that will allow them to get free, from Friday, September 25, the vaccine in their pharmacy.

The seniors do not, however, among the first people targeted for vaccination against influenza A H1N1, which will be ready in October, because they would be even better protected against pandemic viruses because their immune system has already met with the same virus type . those priorities for the new vaccine against influenza are pregnant women, young children, immunocompromised patients and caregivers.

Seasonal flu annually affects 2.5 million people in France. It causes about 2,500 deaths per year, of which 90% are over 65 years.

Review Influenza A H1N1 - 1st October 2009

Worldwide:

>> 5'382 (5'676) dead:

• Americas (4'061-4'353) 1'529 in the United States, 899 (1'114) to Brazil, Argentina 538, 231 (308) in Mexico, 143 in Peru, 132 in Chile, 91 in Colombia , 83 in Venezuela, 78 in Canada, 60 in Ecuador, 54 in Bolivia, 52 Paraguay, 37 in Costa Rica, 33 in Uruguay, 21 in Dominican Republic, 19 in El Salvador, 15 in Honduras, 13 in Guatemala, 11 in Nicaragua , 11 in Panama, 4 in Jamaica, 2 in Suriname, 1 Barbados, 1 in French Guiana, 1 in the Cayman Islands, 1 in Martinique and 1 in St. Kitts and Nevis.
• Asia (843-844): 329 India, 165 in Thailand, 77 in Malaysia, 35 in Saudi Arabia, 28 in the Philippines, 28 in Israel, 24 in Hong Kong, 21 in Oman, 18 in Japan, 18 in Singapore, 18 Taiwan, 16 in Vietnam, 11 in South Korea, 10 in Indonesia, 8 in Kuwait, 6 the United Arab Emirates, Yemen 6, 4 to Bangladesh, Iran 4, 3 to Bahrain, Qatar in 3, 2 in Lebanon , 2 in Syria, 1 in Brunei, Cambodia 1, Georgia 1, 1 in Iraq, 1 in Laos, Macau 1, 1 and 0 in Palestine (1) in Russia.
• Oceania (220): 180 in Australia, 18 in New Zealand, 9 in New Caledonia, 7 in French Polynesia, 2 to Samoa, Cook Islands 1, 1 Marshall Islands, 1 in the Solomon Islands and Tonga Islands 1 .
• Europe (154-155): 82 in Great Britain, 36 in Spain, 6 in metropolitan France, 4 in Italy, 4 in Norway, 4 The Netherlands, 3 in Greece, 3 in Malta, 2 in Belgium, 2 in Hungary, 2 Ireland 2 Sweden 1 Germany, 1 Bulgaria, 1 in Luxembourg and 1 (2) in Portugal.
• Africa (104): 83 in South Africa, 8 in Mauritius, 6 at the Meeting, 2 in Egypt, 2 in Mozambique, 1 in Ghana, 1 in Madagascar and 1 in Namibia.

>> + Of 441'000 registered cases (affected country):
36'644 cases of influenza A H1N1 confirmed in Australia.


In France - 30 confirmed deaths

The kindergarten Amur - who has 45 children - has closed its doors yesterday for a period of one week. This precautionary closure has been taken following the outbreak of influenza in 4 students. "The four persons employed in school Amur not found so far technically unemployed: they are responsible, this morning, to clean all that has been in contact with children. What a lot of work in two kindergarten classes: door handles, beds, dining room ... and hundreds of toys. "

(Source: The New Republic)

Normal Body Temperature, Fever, Symptoms of Fever

Normal body Temperaure:

The normal body temperature at rest, is 37 ° C (36.5 ° C and 37.5 ° C by the people) when taken by mouth.

It varies slightly depending on time of day, being generally lower in the morning and higher in late afternoon.

The rectal temperature is higher by about 0.5 ° C than the oral temperature (in the mouth) while the temperature under the armpit is slightly lower than oral temperature.

Fever:

The fever is at a temperature above 37.5 ° C (or 38 ° C depending on definitions). Beyond 40 ° C, there is a high fever.

Symptoms of fever:

Symptoms are fever, chills, sweating, feeling cold and feeling weak.

About 3% of children 18 months to three years experience seizures when they have a high fever.

Causes of fever

Fever is usually caused by a reaction of the body's defense against aggression. Blood cells, monocytes, produce pyrogens, which cause fever. The agency thus produces pyrogens in response to infection, inflammation, cancer or allergy.

Influenza A H1N1: What hydro-alcoholic solution to choose?

Used for many years in the hospital world, the use of hydro-alcoholic gel is widespread in this period of epidemic influenza A H1N1 (swine flu). Practice, the hydro-alcoholic solution everywhere carried away and do not require water.

The hydro-alcoholic gels are not more effective than handwashing with soap. They are only effective when used on hands dry and relatively clean. They also have no cleaning effect.

Composed largely of alcohol, they spoil quickly hands if used frequently. They must not come into contact with mucous membranes or injury. Accidents such as the projection into the eye should be avoided (use by children is thus more risky). Smokers must be careful because these solutions are flammable.

The hydro-alcoholic solutions on the market have almost all the same actions:

• Bactericidal (NF 1040),
• Fungicide / yeasticidal (NF 1275),
• Virucidal (NF T72-180, NC 14476), essential action against the influenza virus.
  

Some gels bearing the words "cleansing" does not have the antiseptic or disinfectant.

Other criteria that distinguish these products relate to practical aspects and tolerability.

They come in forms of gels, sprays and wipes. They vary from bottle to pump a liter in pocket format of 30 ml. The gel is convenient for hand hygiene. The wipes allow disinfecting objects.

Some products contain additives protective skin as aloe vera, which reduce the drying effect of the product. Some brands offer products based alcohol plant extracts and lemon (known for its anti-bacterial).

A hydro-alcoholic solution is used effectively as well: on dry hands, take a dab of product in the palm of your hand and rub for 30 seconds. Everything must be scrubbed: the tops of hands, palms, between fingers, nails, wrists, and that until the product has completely dried.

Influenza H1N1with sources:
DesiDieter.Com

What are the symptoms of influenza A (H1N1)?

Influenza A H1N1 infection is a contagious respiratory tract. Its symptoms are similar to those of seasonal influenza.

The most common symptoms are:

• Fever between 38 ° C and 40 ° C, which begins suddenly and lasts between 2 and 5 days;
• Cough, which lasts about 1 week;
• Fatigue that lasts several days;
• Muscle aches and pains;
• Sore throat;
• Headache;
• Loss of appetite;
• Runny nose.Other symptoms are sometimes:
• Nausea;
• Vomiting;
• Diarrhea.

If any of these symptoms accompanying the fever, it is advisable to consult a doctor the same day:

• Shortness of breath;
• Difficulty breathing;
• Pain with breathing;
• Vomiting for over 4 hours;
• In a child seem very sick and without energy, be difficult to awaken.
  

If any of the following accompanying fever, you should go to a hospital emergency room immediately.

• Difficulty in breathing persists and increases;
• Blue lips;
• Difficulty moving;
• Significant neck stiffness;
• Drowsiness, confusion, disorientation or difficulty staying awake seizures;
• No urine for 12 hours;
• Fever in a baby under 3 months.

Influenza A H1N1: two types of masks, surgical and protection FFP2

Two types of masks are used to counter the spread of flu masks and surgical masks for respiratory protection (masks FFP2).

The projection masks or surgical masks are worn by infectious people in order to protect the environment. Their filtration is not sufficient to protect a healthy person against micro-particles in the air.


They consist of a single layer filter. They provide a protection period of 3 to 4 hours.

In France, they are freely available in pharmacies on prescription. They have no expiration dates.

Masks or respiratory protection masks filter (in forms of duck-billed) are carried by healthy people to protect themselves from viruses suspended in the air.

According to the European standard, masks FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3 hold respectively 80%, 94% and 99% of particles measuring one millionth of a meter. The recommended standard for the protection of healthy people against influenza A is the standard FFP2.

The N95 mask filters, used especially in the United States and Canada 95% filter micro-particles.

These masks are made of two layers of filter. They can be worn for 4 to 8 hours.

They are intended primarily for health personnel and those who are in direct and repeated contact with patients. In the context of influenza A H1N1, they will be provided directly to health professionals by the state and employees exposed (cashiers, tellers ...) by employers. They have an expiry of 4 years.