The WHO, which declared a swine flu pandemic in June, said the total number of laboratory confirmed cases worldwide is now over 318,925, but this estimate is significantly lower than the actual number of cases that have occurred, as many countries have stopped testing and reporting individual cases, particularly the milder ones.
Saudi Arabian has written to several swine flu-affected countries, including India, advising those at a high risk of catching swine flu, like children, pregnant women and people suffering from chronic ailments, to avoid Haj pilgrimage and help curb the spread of the pandemic.
"Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, recommends that elderly, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases and children should postpone the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages this year for their own safety," the advisory from Saudi Arabia said.
According to India's health ministry, those wishing to go on the pilgrimage would be medically examined for the symptoms of influenza A (H1N1) at the point of embarkation, that is at the place where booking of pilgrims takes place in their respective states.
Showing posts with label Influenza A. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Influenza A. Show all posts
India's swine flu toll raised to 290 after five more deaths
From Andhra Pradesh some more suspected Swine Flu deaths have been reported but health Authorities in New Delhi said that they are awaiting confirmation reports from laboratory.
Moreover, fresh 208 Swine Flu cases were reported all over the country taking India toll of Infected People with swine flu influenza A (H1N1) virus to 9,492. These fresh cases were reported from Delhi (66), Tamil Nadu (32), Maharashtra (32), Andhra Pradesh (24), Karnataka (18), Kerala (13) and Haryana (13).
Since the outbreak of this deadly virus known as swine flu, a total of 3,917 people have died globally. Out of these, alone 2,948 deaths occured in America. The second highest death rate that is 362 are occured in West Pacific. After that four WHO regional offices in Southeast Asia, Europe, East Mediterranean and Africa reported 340, 154, 72 and 41 deaths respectively.
Influenza A H1N1 Vaccines : with or without Adjuvant?
An adjuvant is a substance added to vaccines to enhance immune response. Its inclusion reduces the dose of antigen required, thus producing more doses of vaccine with the same amount of antigen.
The vaccine against seasonal influenza does not typically contain an adjuvant. Some, however, contain an oil in water emulsion containing squalene (MF59 of Novartis).
Vaccines against influenza A (H1N1) occurred either without adjuvant (especially the U.S.) with an adjuvant containing squalene (especially in Europe).
The vaccine against seasonal influenza does not typically contain an adjuvant. Some, however, contain an oil in water emulsion containing squalene (MF59 of Novartis).
Vaccines against influenza A (H1N1) occurred either without adjuvant (especially the U.S.) with an adjuvant containing squalene (especially in Europe).
Squalene, said WHO is a substance found naturally in plants, animals and humans. In humans, it is synthesized in the liver. It is commercially extracted from fish oil.
"Since 1997, 22 million doses of flu vaccine from Chiron (the FLUAD) were administered without safety concerns. The vaccine contains about 10 mg of squalene per dose and he was not associated with any serious adverse reaction. It has been observed some moderate local reactions, "says the WHO.
The effects of this adjuvant, however, are little known on special populations such as pregnant women, immunocompromised persons or very young children. The High Council of Public Health (HCSP) recommends the use of non-adjuvanted vaccines for children 6 to 23 months, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.
In Canada, GlaxoSmithKline will provide a version without adjuvant, which will be offered to pregnant women.
"Since 1997, 22 million doses of flu vaccine from Chiron (the FLUAD) were administered without safety concerns. The vaccine contains about 10 mg of squalene per dose and he was not associated with any serious adverse reaction. It has been observed some moderate local reactions, "says the WHO.
The effects of this adjuvant, however, are little known on special populations such as pregnant women, immunocompromised persons or very young children. The High Council of Public Health (HCSP) recommends the use of non-adjuvanted vaccines for children 6 to 23 months, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.
In Canada, GlaxoSmithKline will provide a version without adjuvant, which will be offered to pregnant women.
Influenza A H1N1: What hydro-alcoholic solution to choose?
The hydro-alcoholic gels are not more effective than handwashing with soap. They are only effective when used on hands dry and relatively clean. They also have no cleaning effect.
Composed largely of alcohol, they spoil quickly hands if used frequently. They must not come into contact with mucous membranes or injury. Accidents such as the projection into the eye should be avoided (use by children is thus more risky). Smokers must be careful because these solutions are flammable.
The hydro-alcoholic solutions on the market have almost all the same actions:
The hydro-alcoholic solutions on the market have almost all the same actions:
- Bactericidal (NF 1040),
- Fungicide / yeasticidal (NF 1275),
- Virucidal (NF T72-180, NC 14476), essential action against the influenza virus.
Some gels bearing the words "cleansing" does not have the antiseptic or disinfectant.
Other criteria that distinguish these products relate to practical aspects and tolerability.
They come in forms of gels, sprays and wipes. They vary from bottle to pump a liter in pocket format of 30 ml. The gel is convenient for hand hygiene. The wipes allow disinfecting objects.
Some products contain additives protective skin as aloe vera, which reduce the drying effect of the product. Some brands offer products based alcohol plant extracts and lemon (known for its anti-bacterial).
A hydro-alcoholic solution is used effectively as well: on dry hands, take a dab of product in the palm of your hand and rub for 30 seconds. Everything must be scrubbed: the tops of hands, palms, between fingers, nails, wrists, and that until the product has completely dried.
Influenza H1N1with sources:
DesiDieter.Com
Other criteria that distinguish these products relate to practical aspects and tolerability.
They come in forms of gels, sprays and wipes. They vary from bottle to pump a liter in pocket format of 30 ml. The gel is convenient for hand hygiene. The wipes allow disinfecting objects.
Some products contain additives protective skin as aloe vera, which reduce the drying effect of the product. Some brands offer products based alcohol plant extracts and lemon (known for its anti-bacterial).
A hydro-alcoholic solution is used effectively as well: on dry hands, take a dab of product in the palm of your hand and rub for 30 seconds. Everything must be scrubbed: the tops of hands, palms, between fingers, nails, wrists, and that until the product has completely dried.
Influenza H1N1with sources:
DesiDieter.Com
Preparing for influenza A (H1N1): do what you need at home?
.jpg)
Ensure you have at hand the following items:
- Medicines against pain and fever, Tylenol or Advil for example, to treat fever and headache;
- A thermometer;
- Reserves of essential drugs like insulin for people with diabetes, for example;
- Cleaning products, including disinfectants;
- Soap or water-alcohol solution to disinfect their hands;
- Non-perishable foods such as soups, fruits and canned vegetables, and liquids (water, juice) in the event of not being able to go to the grocery store.
What are the symptoms of influenza A (H1N1)?
.jpg)
Influenza A H1N1 infection is a contagious respiratory tract. Its symptoms are similar to those of seasonal influenza.
The most common symptoms are:
- Fever between 38 ° C and 40 ° C, which begins suddenly and lasts between 2 and 5 days;
- Cough, which lasts about 1 week;
- Fatigue that lasts several days;
- Muscle aches and pains;
- Sore throat;
- Headache;
- Loss of appetite;
- Runny nose.Other symptoms are sometimes:
- Nausea;
- Vomiting;
- Diarrhea.
If any of these symptoms accompanying the fever, it is advisable to consult a doctor the same day:
- Shortness of breath;
- Difficulty breathing;
- Pain with breathing;
- Vomiting for over 4 hours;
- In a child seem very sick and without energy, be difficult to awaken.
If any of the following accompanying fever, you should go to a hospital emergency room immediately.
- Difficulty in breathing persists and increases;
- Blue lips;
- Difficulty moving;
- Significant neck stiffness;
- Drowsiness, confusion, disorientation or difficulty staying awake seizures;
- No urine for 12 hours;
- Fever in a baby under 3 months.
Influenza A H1N1: two types of masks, surgical and protection FFP2
Two types of masks are used to counter the spread of flu masks and surgical masks for respiratory protection (masks FFP2). The projection masks or surgical masks are worn by infectious people in order to protect the environment. Their filtration is not sufficient to protect a healthy person against micro-particles in the air.
They consist of a single layer filter. They provide a protection period of 3 to 4 hours.
In France, they are freely available in pharmacies on prescription. They have no expiration dates.
Masks or respiratory protection masks filter (in forms of duck-billed) are carried by healthy people to protect themselves from viruses suspended in the air.
According to the European standard, masks FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3 hold respectively 80%, 94% and 99% of particles measuring one millionth of a meter. The recommended standard for the protection of healthy people against influenza A is the standard FFP2.
The N95 mask filters, used especially in the United States and Canada 95% filter micro-particles.
These masks are made of two layers of filter. They can be worn for 4 to 8 hours.
They are intended primarily for health personnel and those who are in direct and repeated contact with patients. In the context of influenza A H1N1, they will be provided directly to health professionals by the state and employees exposed (cashiers, tellers ...) by employers. They have an expiry of 4 years.
According to the European standard, masks FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3 hold respectively 80%, 94% and 99% of particles measuring one millionth of a meter. The recommended standard for the protection of healthy people against influenza A is the standard FFP2.
The N95 mask filters, used especially in the United States and Canada 95% filter micro-particles.
These masks are made of two layers of filter. They can be worn for 4 to 8 hours.
They are intended primarily for health personnel and those who are in direct and repeated contact with patients. In the context of influenza A H1N1, they will be provided directly to health professionals by the state and employees exposed (cashiers, tellers ...) by employers. They have an expiry of 4 years.
Influenza A (H1N1): contagion lasts 8 days after onset of symptoms
About 15% of people who contract influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) still contagious, eight days after the onset of symptoms, according to researchers from several universities and research centers in Quebec, under the coordination of Dr. Guy Boivin, center CHUL Research, and Gaston De Serres, National Institute of Public Health of Quebec. After 10 days, no such person is still contagious. These results will be presented at the International Congress Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy being held in San Francisco.
This study was conducted among members of 65 families in Quebec, from May to July 2009. These preliminary results will be complemented by ongoing studies and compared with those of work elsewhere in the world.
Further analysis of blood is taken in the context of this study aimed at better understanding the immune response of infected persons and to determine the proportion of persons infected who show no symptoms.
This study was conducted among members of 65 families in Quebec, from May to July 2009. These preliminary results will be complemented by ongoing studies and compared with those of work elsewhere in the world.
Further analysis of blood is taken in the context of this study aimed at better understanding the immune response of infected persons and to determine the proportion of persons infected who show no symptoms.
Influenza A: How well will treat
1. Recognizing Influenza A
According to the Institute for Public Health: "A possible case of influenza A H1N1 is a person with an acute respiratory syndrome with sudden onset of general symptoms such as fever over 38 ° C or aches or asthenia (fatigue) AND respiratory signs [cough or dyspnea [breathing disorder]]. " Some cases of influenza A have also presented a sore throat, runny nose, headaches or digestive problems (diarrhea, nausea or vomiting).
2. H1N1: When to contact their doctor?
Fatigue, discontinuous headache, fever ... you have symptoms. But when should we contact the doctor? "If the temperature is above 39° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, "says a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. In all cases, if the fever persists for more than three days, the World Health recommends consulting a physician.
3. H1N1: Drugs effective
Paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin attention! Some drugs known to fight against the 'flu can do more harm than good! "We must avoid using acetyl salicylic acid [aspirin] because it increases the risk of Reyes syndrome [disease affecting the liver and brain]," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Also, do not take antiviral drugs (Tamiflu ®, Relenza ®) without consulting a doctor. In fact, "the only drug that can be taken to relieve pain and fever paracetamol [acetaminophen]. The risk / benefit ratio is much higher than that of ibuprofen and ketoprofen." Dosage of paracetamol ( adults and children over 50 kg): 1 g per dose to renew after 6 to 8 hours. Not more than 3 g per day.
4. When taking Tamiflu and Relenza?
Tamiflu and Relenza are antiviral drugs that can alleviate the symptoms of influenza A, shorten its duration and possibly prevent complications. However, "we must take if a doctor prescribes them," he recalled recently the WHO. Especially for Tamiflu, "making its routine may cause nausea, diarrhea and hallucinations," said the HPA (High Health Authority English). They are prescribed to people at risk of complications (respiratory ...) and must be taken within 48 hours after onset of illness to be effective. For other patients, the doctor prescribed symptomatic treatment (paracetamol ...). Note: In a declared pandemic (Phase 6), Tamiflu and Relenza can be prescribed to pregnant women.
5. What if symptoms persist?
Sometimes the symptoms persist or worsen (reprise fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain ...) even being under medical treatment. In this case, nothing should be overlooked! "The risks of complications are pulmonary [lung] and myocarditis [inflammation of the myocardium," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. "There is also a risk of meningo-encephalitis [inflammation of the meninges simultaneous and brain in the brain]," added a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Do not hesitate to remind your doctor. Avoid, however, go there directly because the risk of contagion runs until 48 hours after symptoms disappear.
6. How long is it contagious?
The influenza A, like other forms of influenza (B, C) is a highly contagious disease. The authorities also expect that 20 million people, nearly one third of the national population could be infected by the end of the year! To avoid infection, be aware that the incubation period (time from infection to onset of symptoms) could go, according to the Ministry of Health, up to 7 days. "A person infected with the virus influenza A is contaminating five days before the onset of symptoms," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. She stays until 48 hours after symptoms. In general, influenza A lasts 5 to 8 days.
7. New symptoms in the fall?
"Because the virus influenza A H1N1 is new, we might fear that causes symptoms ... never seen " qoted by a french doctor "Yes, I am not a soothsayer but one can imagine that could fall soon occur greater virulence with mutation of the virus and complications more frequent [pneumonia, meningo-encephalitis]. As to Professor Bernard Debre, a physician and member UMP: "Of course, this virus can mutate and become virulent although for now this is not the view expressed by the majority of virologists." (July 26, 2009-JDD). Conclusion: no need for alarm yet, but remain cautious while respecting their c onseils anti influenza A.
8. How to stem the epidemic?
If you do not feel well, show a high fever, cough and / or sore throat, you should take some preventive measures to avoid contaminating your friends! The first: stay home! The transmission of the virus being by air, leaving you spread it everywhere! If you are forced to go out, wear a mask. Do the same, if you're visiting. Then, it is advised to wash their hands regularly (at least after coughing or sneezing) with soap or alcoholic solution (sold in pharmacies and supermarkets) for 40 to 60 seconds, and cover the mouth and nose with a tissue (disposable after each use) when coughing or sneezing. Finally, regularly ventilate the rooms.
Inspired By :
DesiDieter
According to the Institute for Public Health: "A possible case of influenza A H1N1 is a person with an acute respiratory syndrome with sudden onset of general symptoms such as fever over 38 ° C or aches or asthenia (fatigue) AND respiratory signs [cough or dyspnea [breathing disorder]]. " Some cases of influenza A have also presented a sore throat, runny nose, headaches or digestive problems (diarrhea, nausea or vomiting).
2. H1N1: When to contact their doctor?
Fatigue, discontinuous headache, fever ... you have symptoms. But when should we contact the doctor? "If the temperature is above 39° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, "says a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. In all cases, if the fever persists for more than three days, the World Health recommends consulting a physician.
3. H1N1: Drugs effective
Paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin attention! Some drugs known to fight against the 'flu can do more harm than good! "We must avoid using acetyl salicylic acid [aspirin] because it increases the risk of Reyes syndrome [disease affecting the liver and brain]," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Also, do not take antiviral drugs (Tamiflu ®, Relenza ®) without consulting a doctor. In fact, "the only drug that can be taken to relieve pain and fever paracetamol [acetaminophen]. The risk / benefit ratio is much higher than that of ibuprofen and ketoprofen." Dosage of paracetamol ( adults and children over 50 kg): 1 g per dose to renew after 6 to 8 hours. Not more than 3 g per day.
4. When taking Tamiflu and Relenza?
Tamiflu and Relenza are antiviral drugs that can alleviate the symptoms of influenza A, shorten its duration and possibly prevent complications. However, "we must take if a doctor prescribes them," he recalled recently the WHO. Especially for Tamiflu, "making its routine may cause nausea, diarrhea and hallucinations," said the HPA (High Health Authority English). They are prescribed to people at risk of complications (respiratory ...) and must be taken within 48 hours after onset of illness to be effective. For other patients, the doctor prescribed symptomatic treatment (paracetamol ...). Note: In a declared pandemic (Phase 6), Tamiflu and Relenza can be prescribed to pregnant women.
5. What if symptoms persist?
Sometimes the symptoms persist or worsen (reprise fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain ...) even being under medical treatment. In this case, nothing should be overlooked! "The risks of complications are pulmonary [lung] and myocarditis [inflammation of the myocardium," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. "There is also a risk of meningo-encephalitis [inflammation of the meninges simultaneous and brain in the brain]," added a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Do not hesitate to remind your doctor. Avoid, however, go there directly because the risk of contagion runs until 48 hours after symptoms disappear.
6. How long is it contagious?
The influenza A, like other forms of influenza (B, C) is a highly contagious disease. The authorities also expect that 20 million people, nearly one third of the national population could be infected by the end of the year! To avoid infection, be aware that the incubation period (time from infection to onset of symptoms) could go, according to the Ministry of Health, up to 7 days. "A person infected with the virus influenza A is contaminating five days before the onset of symptoms," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. She stays until 48 hours after symptoms. In general, influenza A lasts 5 to 8 days.
7. New symptoms in the fall?
"Because the virus influenza A H1N1 is new, we might fear that causes symptoms ... never seen " qoted by a french doctor "Yes, I am not a soothsayer but one can imagine that could fall soon occur greater virulence with mutation of the virus and complications more frequent [pneumonia, meningo-encephalitis]. As to Professor Bernard Debre, a physician and member UMP: "Of course, this virus can mutate and become virulent although for now this is not the view expressed by the majority of virologists." (July 26, 2009-JDD). Conclusion: no need for alarm yet, but remain cautious while respecting their c onseils anti influenza A.
8. How to stem the epidemic?
If you do not feel well, show a high fever, cough and / or sore throat, you should take some preventive measures to avoid contaminating your friends! The first: stay home! The transmission of the virus being by air, leaving you spread it everywhere! If you are forced to go out, wear a mask. Do the same, if you're visiting. Then, it is advised to wash their hands regularly (at least after coughing or sneezing) with soap or alcoholic solution (sold in pharmacies and supermarkets) for 40 to 60 seconds, and cover the mouth and nose with a tissue (disposable after each use) when coughing or sneezing. Finally, regularly ventilate the rooms.
Inspired By :
DesiDieter
Tamiflu | Flu Treatment and Prevention
Name: TAMIFLU
Presentation:
- Capsules (yellow: 30 mg; gray: 45 mg, yellow and gray: 75 mg)
- Powder for oral suspension (12 mg / ml).
Directions:
- In the treatment of influenza, it can be used in patients who show symptoms of the flu, when we know that the virus circulates within the community.
- In the prevention of influenza, it can be used in patients who had contact with a person sticking.
This use is generally determined on a case by case but may, in exceptional circumstances, take the form of a season. For example, vaccination against influenza, and insufficient pandemic (epidemic influenza worldwide).
Caution: Tamiflu does not replace vaccination against influenza and its use must be based on official recommendations.
Dosage:
- Treatment of influenza (initiated within two days after onset of symptoms): a dose taken twice daily for five days.
- Prevention of influenza (initiated within two days after contact with someone with the flu): One dose taken once daily for at least 10 days after contact with an infected person.
- Epidemic influenza: a dose of Tamiflu may be taken for a maximum period of six weeks.
The dose of Tamiflu ® is 75 mg for an adult or child over 40 kg. For a child under 40 kg, the dose is adjusted according to weight using low-dose capsules (30 or 45 mg) or suspension (if the child can not swallow capsules).
Administrative Procedures:
Oral
Caution:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in children under one year. Doses should be reduced in patients suffering from kidney problems.
Drug Interactions:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in people who are hypersensitive (allergic) to oseltamivir.
Side effects:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting and diarrhea (especially children)
Policy Statement:
The active ingredient of Tamiflu ®, oseltamivir, acts specifically on the virus of influenza by inhibiting certain enzymes present on its surface, called neuraminidase. When neuraminidase is inhibited, the spread of infection is halted. Oseltamivir acts both on the neuraminidase of virus influenza type A (most common) and those of virus influenza type B.
Pregnancy and lactation:
There are no adequate data on the use of oseltamivir in pregnant women. Oseltamivir should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Oseltamivir should be used during breastfeeding if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the breastfed infant.
Studies to date:
- Treatment: The effects of Tamiflu ® were first tested in experimental models before being studied in humans. In it, Tamiflu ® was compared with placebo (a dummy treatment) in studies evaluating the treatment of influenza (2 413 adults and adolescents, 741 patients and 1 033 children). Efficacy was measured using a scorecard on which the patients recorded their symptoms (feeling of fever, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, cough, malaise and runny nose).
- Prevention of influenza: Tamiflu ® has been studied in people who were exposed to the disease after a family member had contracted the flu (962 cases) or during an epidemic (1 562 individuals aged 16 55 years and 548 elderly people in nursing homes). The study measured the incidence of influenza as demonstrated by laboratory tests. One study also examined the use of Tamiflu ® in a family (277 families), both for treating the person with the flu for the treatment or prevention of influenza among persons in contact with the patient.
The effects shown to date:
- Treatment in adults: the use of Tamiflu ® has reduced the duration of illness of 4.2 days against 5.2 days for patients on placebo. Among children aged one to six years, duration of disease was reduced by 1.5 days.
- Prevention: Tamiflu ® reduced the incidence of influenza among persons in contact with a person sticking. In the study during an epidemic, 1% of people taking Tamiflu ® have developed the flu after contact, against 5% of those on placebo. In families with a person with the flu, 7% of household members have developed the flu after receiving preventive treatment with Tamiflu ®, as against 20% among those who did not receive preventive treatment.
Why Tamiflu ® has been approved?
The flu is seasonal normally handled through vaccination. The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that the benefits of Tamiflu ® outweigh its risks for treatment and prevention of influenza, as a complementary method used in a pandemic or when vaccines against the flu are not effective against the virus of avian origin with seasonal epidemics.
More information on Tamiflu:
The European Commission has granted a permission marketing valid throughout the European Union for Tamiflu ® Roche Registration Limited June 20, 2002. Permission marketing was renewed June 20, 2007.
Issue:
The drug is issued with a prescription.
Presentation:
- Capsules (yellow: 30 mg; gray: 45 mg, yellow and gray: 75 mg)
- Powder for oral suspension (12 mg / ml).
Directions:
- In the treatment of influenza, it can be used in patients who show symptoms of the flu, when we know that the virus circulates within the community.
- In the prevention of influenza, it can be used in patients who had contact with a person sticking.
This use is generally determined on a case by case but may, in exceptional circumstances, take the form of a season. For example, vaccination against influenza, and insufficient pandemic (epidemic influenza worldwide).
Caution: Tamiflu does not replace vaccination against influenza and its use must be based on official recommendations.
Dosage:
- Treatment of influenza (initiated within two days after onset of symptoms): a dose taken twice daily for five days.
- Prevention of influenza (initiated within two days after contact with someone with the flu): One dose taken once daily for at least 10 days after contact with an infected person.
- Epidemic influenza: a dose of Tamiflu may be taken for a maximum period of six weeks.
The dose of Tamiflu ® is 75 mg for an adult or child over 40 kg. For a child under 40 kg, the dose is adjusted according to weight using low-dose capsules (30 or 45 mg) or suspension (if the child can not swallow capsules).
Administrative Procedures:
Oral
Caution:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in children under one year. Doses should be reduced in patients suffering from kidney problems.
Drug Interactions:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in people who are hypersensitive (allergic) to oseltamivir.
Side effects:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting and diarrhea (especially children)
Policy Statement:
The active ingredient of Tamiflu ®, oseltamivir, acts specifically on the virus of influenza by inhibiting certain enzymes present on its surface, called neuraminidase. When neuraminidase is inhibited, the spread of infection is halted. Oseltamivir acts both on the neuraminidase of virus influenza type A (most common) and those of virus influenza type B.
Pregnancy and lactation:
There are no adequate data on the use of oseltamivir in pregnant women. Oseltamivir should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Oseltamivir should be used during breastfeeding if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the breastfed infant.
Studies to date:
- Treatment: The effects of Tamiflu ® were first tested in experimental models before being studied in humans. In it, Tamiflu ® was compared with placebo (a dummy treatment) in studies evaluating the treatment of influenza (2 413 adults and adolescents, 741 patients and 1 033 children). Efficacy was measured using a scorecard on which the patients recorded their symptoms (feeling of fever, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, cough, malaise and runny nose).
- Prevention of influenza: Tamiflu ® has been studied in people who were exposed to the disease after a family member had contracted the flu (962 cases) or during an epidemic (1 562 individuals aged 16 55 years and 548 elderly people in nursing homes). The study measured the incidence of influenza as demonstrated by laboratory tests. One study also examined the use of Tamiflu ® in a family (277 families), both for treating the person with the flu for the treatment or prevention of influenza among persons in contact with the patient.
The effects shown to date:
- Treatment in adults: the use of Tamiflu ® has reduced the duration of illness of 4.2 days against 5.2 days for patients on placebo. Among children aged one to six years, duration of disease was reduced by 1.5 days.
- Prevention: Tamiflu ® reduced the incidence of influenza among persons in contact with a person sticking. In the study during an epidemic, 1% of people taking Tamiflu ® have developed the flu after contact, against 5% of those on placebo. In families with a person with the flu, 7% of household members have developed the flu after receiving preventive treatment with Tamiflu ®, as against 20% among those who did not receive preventive treatment.
Why Tamiflu ® has been approved?
The flu is seasonal normally handled through vaccination. The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that the benefits of Tamiflu ® outweigh its risks for treatment and prevention of influenza, as a complementary method used in a pandemic or when vaccines against the flu are not effective against the virus of avian origin with seasonal epidemics.
More information on Tamiflu:
The European Commission has granted a permission marketing valid throughout the European Union for Tamiflu ® Roche Registration Limited June 20, 2002. Permission marketing was renewed June 20, 2007.
Issue:
The drug is issued with a prescription.
Influenza A: Are you at risk?
1. Cardiac, diabetic, smokers more at risk ...!
Several risk factors for H1N1 viruses tend to emerge. "To date [July 22, 2009], in addition to known risk situations [...] whose asthma and COPD [chronic pulmonary obstructive], pregnant women and children under 5 years seem more vulnerable to the virus influenza A, "updated by a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. As for WHO she said on July 24, 2009 that "cardio-vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer are among the risk factors for severe forms of influenza H1N1 pandemic of 2009." Finally, smokers may be more at risk for the influenza A as cigarette smoke reduces airway defense against external aggressions, including those of the flu.
2. Overweight: greater risk of influenza A?
D of the French Society of General Medicine said"The people of obesity appear to be more sensitive to the virus influenza A H1N1,". The WHO also recalled "high prevalence of obesity has been reported early in very serious cases or deaths by clinicians in Mexico. Again explains: "A recent report has reported: from 10 ventilated patients in ICUs in Michigan (USA), 9 had a BMI ≥ 30 and 7 BMI ≥ 40 [...]. Of the 50 cases fatalities recorded in California, 30 had a BMI ≥ 30. Among them, 11 showed no known risk factors for complications. " Since then, WHO has requested that further studies be conducted to understand the role played by obesity in the severity of the flu.
3. The over 60s are not immune!
According to a study published in June 2009, severe pneumonia and deaths from H1N1 viruses observed in Mexico in April 2009 involved mainly people aged 5 to 59 years. Scientific hypothesis: the more than 60 years would be more likely to have been exposed during their life to a virus similar to H1N1 (eg flu epidemic of 1957), which would have enabled them to generate a protective antibody But ... Dr Patrick Pelloux, emergency physician, said that "the elderly are most at risk from complications of influenza A because they already suffer frequent infections of the heart, kidneys, immune problems ... what with the virus of influenza, leads to superinfection.
4. H1N1: how to recognize symptoms
"No symptoms does differentiates influenza A to influenza seasonal," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Clearly, the signs that should alert are: fever over 38 ° C and / or stiffness and / or tiredness associated with dry cough and / or respiratory and / or sore throat or runny nose . Even if it's more casual, the virus of influenza A can also cause digestive disorders (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting). "In the elderly, the symptoms are often misleading, but fever and respiratory signs are often absent," said our interlocutor. In case of doubt or symptoms persist more than 48 hours, contact your doctor.
5. Influenza A: When to consult?
"If the temperature is above 39 ° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, should go see a doctor, "said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Moreover, according to the World Health must in all cases consult a doctor if the fever persists for more than three days. Beware, if you're one of those at risk of virus influenza A (over 65 years, diabetes, cardiovascular disease or lung, respiratory disorders, obesity ...) you must not hesitate to contact your doctor as soon as you experience these symptoms .
6. Should he wear a mask?
Since July 23, 2009, pharmacies issue free prescription masks of projections (called "surgical mask"). However, do not bother to run to your doctor to prescribe you one if you're not sick! Indeed, the wearing of masks is recommended only if we take care of a sick person or if one is ill and we have contacts with people, inside or outside. Do not touch when you wear it and wash your hands after having removed. And take the mask after each use.
Inspired By :
Swine Flu
Several risk factors for H1N1 viruses tend to emerge. "To date [July 22, 2009], in addition to known risk situations [...] whose asthma and COPD [chronic pulmonary obstructive], pregnant women and children under 5 years seem more vulnerable to the virus influenza A, "updated by a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. As for WHO she said on July 24, 2009 that "cardio-vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer are among the risk factors for severe forms of influenza H1N1 pandemic of 2009." Finally, smokers may be more at risk for the influenza A as cigarette smoke reduces airway defense against external aggressions, including those of the flu.
2. Overweight: greater risk of influenza A?
D of the French Society of General Medicine said"The people of obesity appear to be more sensitive to the virus influenza A H1N1,". The WHO also recalled "high prevalence of obesity has been reported early in very serious cases or deaths by clinicians in Mexico. Again explains: "A recent report has reported: from 10 ventilated patients in ICUs in Michigan (USA), 9 had a BMI ≥ 30 and 7 BMI ≥ 40 [...]. Of the 50 cases fatalities recorded in California, 30 had a BMI ≥ 30. Among them, 11 showed no known risk factors for complications. " Since then, WHO has requested that further studies be conducted to understand the role played by obesity in the severity of the flu.
3. The over 60s are not immune!
According to a study published in June 2009, severe pneumonia and deaths from H1N1 viruses observed in Mexico in April 2009 involved mainly people aged 5 to 59 years. Scientific hypothesis: the more than 60 years would be more likely to have been exposed during their life to a virus similar to H1N1 (eg flu epidemic of 1957), which would have enabled them to generate a protective antibody But ... Dr Patrick Pelloux, emergency physician, said that "the elderly are most at risk from complications of influenza A because they already suffer frequent infections of the heart, kidneys, immune problems ... what with the virus of influenza, leads to superinfection.
4. H1N1: how to recognize symptoms
"No symptoms does differentiates influenza A to influenza seasonal," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Clearly, the signs that should alert are: fever over 38 ° C and / or stiffness and / or tiredness associated with dry cough and / or respiratory and / or sore throat or runny nose . Even if it's more casual, the virus of influenza A can also cause digestive disorders (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting). "In the elderly, the symptoms are often misleading, but fever and respiratory signs are often absent," said our interlocutor. In case of doubt or symptoms persist more than 48 hours, contact your doctor.
5. Influenza A: When to consult?
"If the temperature is above 39 ° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, should go see a doctor, "said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Moreover, according to the World Health must in all cases consult a doctor if the fever persists for more than three days. Beware, if you're one of those at risk of virus influenza A (over 65 years, diabetes, cardiovascular disease or lung, respiratory disorders, obesity ...) you must not hesitate to contact your doctor as soon as you experience these symptoms .
6. Should he wear a mask?
Since July 23, 2009, pharmacies issue free prescription masks of projections (called "surgical mask"). However, do not bother to run to your doctor to prescribe you one if you're not sick! Indeed, the wearing of masks is recommended only if we take care of a sick person or if one is ill and we have contacts with people, inside or outside. Do not touch when you wear it and wash your hands after having removed. And take the mask after each use.
Inspired By :
Swine Flu
