Mumbai: Twelve suspected swine flu patients were today quarantined at the civic body-run Kasturba Hospital here following symptoms of H1N1 as panicked citizens queued up outside the hospital for check up. Outside the Kasturba Hospital in South Mumbai, which is the referral hospital to quarantine swine flu cases, a large number of people gathered since morning.
The hospital authorities counselled them, checked all the patients who came with fever or throat infection and asked them to take rest and not to panic. "After the Maharashtra government advised yesterday that people with suspected H1N1 virus infection should go to the government specified hospital and not to any private hospital, today at least 50 people came to our hospital for check-up for various symptoms," Dr Umesh Aigel, Superintendent of the hospital told PTI. "We are giving counseling to those who came just for a check-up as they do want to take any chance with their kin having fever or any throat infections," he said.
"We checked all of them and send them back," he said. 16 more beds were arranged at the hospital to cope with the additional rush, the official said.
Currently three confirmed flu patients are undergoing treatment in the hospital with Tamiflu and antibiotics, he added.
swine flu death in pandemic Pune
Pune, Aug 3 (IANS) Days after Pune was declared a pandemic city for swine flu, a 14-year-old girl succumbed to the virus there Monday - making it India’s first death due to influenza A(H1N1). The girl was suffering from the flu for over a fortnight and died due to “delayed treatment”, health officials said.
Meanwhile, seven more people tested positive for the flu Monday, taking the total number of cases to 558 in the country. Of these, 470 patients have been discharged after treatment. About 2,479 people have been tested so far.
Confirming news of the death, union Health Secretary Naresh Dayal said in New Delhi that the girl was given anti-flu medicine at a very late stage.
“It appears she was treated late. If she had been treated earlier, she could have been saved,” Dayal told a news channel. “It is a matter of concern,” he added.
“The deceased patient, Riya Shaikh, had been admitted to Jehangir Hospital, a private hospital, July 21. As per preliminary information, she passed away this evening,” a health official in Pune told IANS.
Pune, which has already become the country’s swine-flu capital, notched 102 patients Monday, of whom 86 are children, mostly school students, he said.
The girl had consulted a general practitioner when she first reported flu-like symptoms - sore throat, runny nose, headache - on July 21. When her condition improved, she joined school on July 23.
“She again developed fever on July 25, for which she consulted another private practitioner. Her fever continued and she was admitted to a private nursing home in Pune July 27,” according to a health ministry statement.
Her condition worsened and she was shifted to the ICU and put on the ventilator on July 29. “The patient’s lung aspirate was sent to the NIV (National Institute of Virology) on July 31 and was tested positive for swine flu.”
She was put on Oseltamivir or Tamiflu on July 30. “Her condition deteriorated again with multi-system involvement and she expired on the evening of August 3,” the statement said.
Health officials are flummoxed how a serious patient of H1N1 could remain under treatment in a private hospital and are inquiring whether the case was notified to the authorities or not, especially since Pune had been declared a ‘pandemic’ city last month.
Dilip Bhan, divisional commissioner of Pune, maintained: “We were not aware of the patient. She had taken private treatment. People should not go to private hospitals and instead get themselves admitted to government hospitals.”
“After the death we have all become very conscious and alert. We are taking every precautionary measure to ensure that no more deaths take place,” he added
The health ministry said the Pune hospital staff, including three doctors and a nurse, who had treated the girl and had developed respiratory symptoms were being treated with Oseltamivir.
“About 85 other hospital contacts have been put on prophylaxis, while 31 contacts, including 11 family contacts, have also been put on chemoprophylaxis,” it added.
Dayal said they have already issued guidelines regarding swine flu to schools as it is mostly affecting children.
Asked if the government has issued any guidelines of closing down the schools, he said: “Guidelines are very clear. If a child is suffering from swine flu virus he should not come to school and get himself isolated. We have not recommended closing down of schools.”
He said they are monitoring the situation and would take action and review the situation following the girl’s death.
Dayal also said the government has enough stock of anti-flu medicines and if the need arose they would be able to acquire more. Since Tamiflu is available only in select government hospitals, Dayal said the government would review the situation.
Most of the cases are being reported from the metros as the infected people were returning from foreign jaunts.
“(More cases) will happen,” he said, adding that at the time people return to India they do not exhibit symptoms of the flu, which has an incubation period of seven-10 days. “The symptoms develop later,” Dayal said.
He added that one third of the people who test positive for swine flu are those identified at the entry point, while the rest are cases who report themselves later.
“The infection is largely from abroad and is mainly confined to cities. No case has been reported from rural areas,” he added.
Dayal stressed that testing for swine flu can’t be done in private hospitals.
“Testing can’t be done in every hospital lab. Certain care has to be taken while taking samples. The doctor or the technician has to wear protective gear. If it is not taken carefully, more people could be infected,” he added.
Asked if India has handled the swine flu cases properly, he said: “We have handled it better than other countries. We have only one death from the virus.”
On Monday, seven positive cases were reported in the country - Delhi (2), Pune (3), Chennai (1) and Ahmedabad (1).
Health officials said an 11-year-old boy in Delhi contracted the virus from another person.
Pune continued to report swine flu, with three new cases, including two children. They contracted the virus in school.
In Chennai, an eight-year-old boy, who had arrived from Muscat on July 29, tested positive.
In Ahmedabad, a 27 year-old woman doctor who was on airport screening duty, reported with flu-like symptoms on July 30.
In Maharashtra, the number of cases rose to 147 Monday - with 102 in Pune, 20 in Mumbai, 23 in the hill-station of Panchgani, and two in Thane.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) till July 27, about 134,503 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) have been reported. About 816 deaths have been reported, mostly from Mexico and the US.
Meanwhile, seven more people tested positive for the flu Monday, taking the total number of cases to 558 in the country. Of these, 470 patients have been discharged after treatment. About 2,479 people have been tested so far.
Confirming news of the death, union Health Secretary Naresh Dayal said in New Delhi that the girl was given anti-flu medicine at a very late stage.
“It appears she was treated late. If she had been treated earlier, she could have been saved,” Dayal told a news channel. “It is a matter of concern,” he added.
“The deceased patient, Riya Shaikh, had been admitted to Jehangir Hospital, a private hospital, July 21. As per preliminary information, she passed away this evening,” a health official in Pune told IANS.
Pune, which has already become the country’s swine-flu capital, notched 102 patients Monday, of whom 86 are children, mostly school students, he said.
The girl had consulted a general practitioner when she first reported flu-like symptoms - sore throat, runny nose, headache - on July 21. When her condition improved, she joined school on July 23.
“She again developed fever on July 25, for which she consulted another private practitioner. Her fever continued and she was admitted to a private nursing home in Pune July 27,” according to a health ministry statement.
Her condition worsened and she was shifted to the ICU and put on the ventilator on July 29. “The patient’s lung aspirate was sent to the NIV (National Institute of Virology) on July 31 and was tested positive for swine flu.”
She was put on Oseltamivir or Tamiflu on July 30. “Her condition deteriorated again with multi-system involvement and she expired on the evening of August 3,” the statement said.
Health officials are flummoxed how a serious patient of H1N1 could remain under treatment in a private hospital and are inquiring whether the case was notified to the authorities or not, especially since Pune had been declared a ‘pandemic’ city last month.
Dilip Bhan, divisional commissioner of Pune, maintained: “We were not aware of the patient. She had taken private treatment. People should not go to private hospitals and instead get themselves admitted to government hospitals.”
“After the death we have all become very conscious and alert. We are taking every precautionary measure to ensure that no more deaths take place,” he added
The health ministry said the Pune hospital staff, including three doctors and a nurse, who had treated the girl and had developed respiratory symptoms were being treated with Oseltamivir.
“About 85 other hospital contacts have been put on prophylaxis, while 31 contacts, including 11 family contacts, have also been put on chemoprophylaxis,” it added.
Dayal said they have already issued guidelines regarding swine flu to schools as it is mostly affecting children.
Asked if the government has issued any guidelines of closing down the schools, he said: “Guidelines are very clear. If a child is suffering from swine flu virus he should not come to school and get himself isolated. We have not recommended closing down of schools.”
He said they are monitoring the situation and would take action and review the situation following the girl’s death.
Dayal also said the government has enough stock of anti-flu medicines and if the need arose they would be able to acquire more. Since Tamiflu is available only in select government hospitals, Dayal said the government would review the situation.
Most of the cases are being reported from the metros as the infected people were returning from foreign jaunts.
“(More cases) will happen,” he said, adding that at the time people return to India they do not exhibit symptoms of the flu, which has an incubation period of seven-10 days. “The symptoms develop later,” Dayal said.
He added that one third of the people who test positive for swine flu are those identified at the entry point, while the rest are cases who report themselves later.
“The infection is largely from abroad and is mainly confined to cities. No case has been reported from rural areas,” he added.
Dayal stressed that testing for swine flu can’t be done in private hospitals.
“Testing can’t be done in every hospital lab. Certain care has to be taken while taking samples. The doctor or the technician has to wear protective gear. If it is not taken carefully, more people could be infected,” he added.
Asked if India has handled the swine flu cases properly, he said: “We have handled it better than other countries. We have only one death from the virus.”
On Monday, seven positive cases were reported in the country - Delhi (2), Pune (3), Chennai (1) and Ahmedabad (1).
Health officials said an 11-year-old boy in Delhi contracted the virus from another person.
Pune continued to report swine flu, with three new cases, including two children. They contracted the virus in school.
In Chennai, an eight-year-old boy, who had arrived from Muscat on July 29, tested positive.
In Ahmedabad, a 27 year-old woman doctor who was on airport screening duty, reported with flu-like symptoms on July 30.
In Maharashtra, the number of cases rose to 147 Monday - with 102 in Pune, 20 in Mumbai, 23 in the hill-station of Panchgani, and two in Thane.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) till July 27, about 134,503 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) have been reported. About 816 deaths have been reported, mostly from Mexico and the US.
Swine Flu
H1N1 influenza has found that admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU) were associated with a longer interval between symptom onset and treatment with antivirals and with presence of an underlying medical condition. People of First Nations ethnicity were also found to be at higher risk of severe H1N1 infection compared to people of other ethnic origins. "Predicting disease and mitigating hazard in at-risk populations is an important aim of public health epidemiology, and in preparation for future waves of H1N1, determining the correlates of disease severity is incredibly important," write Dr. Ryan Zarychanski, University of Manitoba and coauthors.
The highest incidence of severe H1N1 occurred in Manitoba, where 45 residents of the province were admitted to an ICU. As of September 5, 2009, there had been 795 laboratory confirmed cases of H1N1 in the province where location of treatment could be determined. Seventy-two percent (569) of patients remained in the community, 23% (181) were admitted to hospital but not the ICU and 6% (45) were admitted to the ICU. The mean age of people with H1N1 was 25.3 years old.
In this study, which included all confirmed H1N1 cases in Manitoba, the authors found that longer intervals from symptom onset to eventual treatment with antivirals (Tamiflu) were strongly associated with more severe disease necessitating admission to an intensive care unit. Those who had untreated symptoms the longest required more life support, compared to people who were treated within 48 hours.
"Of course not everyone with H1N1 symptoms requires treatment, but this finding underscores the importance of prompt medical therapy for those experiencing serious symptoms, such as shortness of breath, in patients with underlying medical conditions, and among First Nations people," states lead researcher Dr. Ryan Zarychanski.
In the study, Dr. Zarychanski and colleagues also found that First Nations ethnicity was associated with severe H1N1 disease requiring ICU admission. The proportion of First Nations people increased as the severity of disease increased; 28% of confirmed H1N1 cases in the community occurred in First Nations people, compared with 54% of hospital admissions and 60% of admissions to the ICU. Similar trends have been observed in Aboriginal communities in Australia and New Zealand. This is "consistent with historical records from the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic, during which mortality in Aboriginal communities was far higher than in non-Aboriginal communities," write the authors. While the authors note that a genetic predisposition hypothesis is interesting, Aboriginal peoples in Canada, Australia and the Torres Strait do not share common ancestry. "What they do have in common is a history of colonization, combined with historic and continuing social inequities that have led to significant health disparities," write the authors. They also suggest the increased risk for First Nations peoples may be because of substandard living conditions, low income, diet, additional health issues or lack of access to health care.
The highest incidence of severe H1N1 occurred in Manitoba, where 45 residents of the province were admitted to an ICU. As of September 5, 2009, there had been 795 laboratory confirmed cases of H1N1 in the province where location of treatment could be determined. Seventy-two percent (569) of patients remained in the community, 23% (181) were admitted to hospital but not the ICU and 6% (45) were admitted to the ICU. The mean age of people with H1N1 was 25.3 years old.
In this study, which included all confirmed H1N1 cases in Manitoba, the authors found that longer intervals from symptom onset to eventual treatment with antivirals (Tamiflu) were strongly associated with more severe disease necessitating admission to an intensive care unit. Those who had untreated symptoms the longest required more life support, compared to people who were treated within 48 hours.
"Of course not everyone with H1N1 symptoms requires treatment, but this finding underscores the importance of prompt medical therapy for those experiencing serious symptoms, such as shortness of breath, in patients with underlying medical conditions, and among First Nations people," states lead researcher Dr. Ryan Zarychanski.
In the study, Dr. Zarychanski and colleagues also found that First Nations ethnicity was associated with severe H1N1 disease requiring ICU admission. The proportion of First Nations people increased as the severity of disease increased; 28% of confirmed H1N1 cases in the community occurred in First Nations people, compared with 54% of hospital admissions and 60% of admissions to the ICU. Similar trends have been observed in Aboriginal communities in Australia and New Zealand. This is "consistent with historical records from the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic, during which mortality in Aboriginal communities was far higher than in non-Aboriginal communities," write the authors. While the authors note that a genetic predisposition hypothesis is interesting, Aboriginal peoples in Canada, Australia and the Torres Strait do not share common ancestry. "What they do have in common is a history of colonization, combined with historic and continuing social inequities that have led to significant health disparities," write the authors. They also suggest the increased risk for First Nations peoples may be because of substandard living conditions, low income, diet, additional health issues or lack of access to health care.
Swine Flu
Seven more peope have died of influenza A (H1N1) in India, taking the toll due to the swine flu pandemic in the country so far to 1170, an official statement said here today.
Two of the deaths, both in Gujarat, were reported during the day. Besides, reports of five deaths that occurred in recent days - three in Maharashtra and one each in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh - were conveyed by the authorities of the states concerned to the Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare today.
Of the total swine flu deaths in the country so far, Maharashtra now accounts for 306, while 208 lives have been lost in Gujarat, 172 Rajasthan, 141 in Karnataka, 90 in Delhi, 52 in Andhra Pradesh, 38 in Punjab, 36 in Kerala, 33 in Haryana, 19 in Madhya Pradesh, 18 in Uttar Pradesh, 13 in Uttarakhand, 8 each in Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh, 7 in Tamil Nadu, 6 in Puducherry, 5 in Goa, 3 in Orissa, 2 each in Assam, Jammu & Kashmir and Chhattisgarh and 1 in Mizoram.
The statement said 47 new cases of swine flu were reported from different parts of India today, including 19 in Maharashtra, 10 in Gujarat, 8 in Karnataka, 7 in Uttar Pradesh, 2 in Haryana and 1 in Madhya Pradesh.
With these, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases of the virus reported in the country so far has gone up to 28,512, the statement added.
Two of the deaths, both in Gujarat, were reported during the day. Besides, reports of five deaths that occurred in recent days - three in Maharashtra and one each in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh - were conveyed by the authorities of the states concerned to the Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare today.
Of the total swine flu deaths in the country so far, Maharashtra now accounts for 306, while 208 lives have been lost in Gujarat, 172 Rajasthan, 141 in Karnataka, 90 in Delhi, 52 in Andhra Pradesh, 38 in Punjab, 36 in Kerala, 33 in Haryana, 19 in Madhya Pradesh, 18 in Uttar Pradesh, 13 in Uttarakhand, 8 each in Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh, 7 in Tamil Nadu, 6 in Puducherry, 5 in Goa, 3 in Orissa, 2 each in Assam, Jammu & Kashmir and Chhattisgarh and 1 in Mizoram.
The statement said 47 new cases of swine flu were reported from different parts of India today, including 19 in Maharashtra, 10 in Gujarat, 8 in Karnataka, 7 in Uttar Pradesh, 2 in Haryana and 1 in Madhya Pradesh.
With these, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases of the virus reported in the country so far has gone up to 28,512, the statement added.
Saudi Aarabia Health Ministery requested people to avoid Haj pilgrimage
The WHO, which declared a swine flu pandemic in June, said the total number of laboratory confirmed cases worldwide is now over 318,925, but this estimate is significantly lower than the actual number of cases that have occurred, as many countries have stopped testing and reporting individual cases, particularly the milder ones.
Saudi Arabian has written to several swine flu-affected countries, including India, advising those at a high risk of catching swine flu, like children, pregnant women and people suffering from chronic ailments, to avoid Haj pilgrimage and help curb the spread of the pandemic.
"Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, recommends that elderly, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases and children should postpone the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages this year for their own safety," the advisory from Saudi Arabia said.
According to India's health ministry, those wishing to go on the pilgrimage would be medically examined for the symptoms of influenza A (H1N1) at the point of embarkation, that is at the place where booking of pilgrims takes place in their respective states.
Saudi Arabian has written to several swine flu-affected countries, including India, advising those at a high risk of catching swine flu, like children, pregnant women and people suffering from chronic ailments, to avoid Haj pilgrimage and help curb the spread of the pandemic.
"Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, recommends that elderly, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases and children should postpone the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages this year for their own safety," the advisory from Saudi Arabia said.
According to India's health ministry, those wishing to go on the pilgrimage would be medically examined for the symptoms of influenza A (H1N1) at the point of embarkation, that is at the place where booking of pilgrims takes place in their respective states.
India's swine flu toll raised to 290 after five more deaths
From Andhra Pradesh some more suspected Swine Flu deaths have been reported but health Authorities in New Delhi said that they are awaiting confirmation reports from laboratory.
Moreover, fresh 208 Swine Flu cases were reported all over the country taking India toll of Infected People with swine flu influenza A (H1N1) virus to 9,492. These fresh cases were reported from Delhi (66), Tamil Nadu (32), Maharashtra (32), Andhra Pradesh (24), Karnataka (18), Kerala (13) and Haryana (13).
Since the outbreak of this deadly virus known as swine flu, a total of 3,917 people have died globally. Out of these, alone 2,948 deaths occured in America. The second highest death rate that is 362 are occured in West Pacific. After that four WHO regional offices in Southeast Asia, Europe, East Mediterranean and Africa reported 340, 154, 72 and 41 deaths respectively.
CDC Urges Vaccination due to rise in Swine Flu Cases
In U.S. number of Swine Flu cases going to rise; CDC officials inspire the public for getting vaccinated against Seasonal Flu and Swine Flu.
CDC held a media briefing pn Swine Flu. There MD, Director of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Annie Schuchat, said ''Unfortunately we are seeing more illness, more hospitalizations, and more deaths."
From Aug. 30 to Oct. 3, 1,784 U.S. adults and children have died from pneumonia or influenza of all types, according to the CDC.
For more report
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CDC held a media briefing pn Swine Flu. There MD, Director of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Annie Schuchat, said ''Unfortunately we are seeing more illness, more hospitalizations, and more deaths."
Virtually all, she says, is due to the H1N1 virus. By this date 37 states of US has been infected due to Swine Flu virus and last week nineteen pediatric deaths were reported added Annie Schuchat,. "We are now up to 76 children having died'' this year from swine flu -- many more already, she said, than the typical toll from influenza in past years.
For more report
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Influenza A H1N1 Vaccines : with or without Adjuvant?
An adjuvant is a substance added to vaccines to enhance immune response. Its inclusion reduces the dose of antigen required, thus producing more doses of vaccine with the same amount of antigen.
The vaccine against seasonal influenza does not typically contain an adjuvant. Some, however, contain an oil in water emulsion containing squalene (MF59 of Novartis).
Vaccines against influenza A (H1N1) occurred either without adjuvant (especially the U.S.) with an adjuvant containing squalene (especially in Europe).
The vaccine against seasonal influenza does not typically contain an adjuvant. Some, however, contain an oil in water emulsion containing squalene (MF59 of Novartis).
Vaccines against influenza A (H1N1) occurred either without adjuvant (especially the U.S.) with an adjuvant containing squalene (especially in Europe).
Squalene, said WHO is a substance found naturally in plants, animals and humans. In humans, it is synthesized in the liver. It is commercially extracted from fish oil.
"Since 1997, 22 million doses of flu vaccine from Chiron (the FLUAD) were administered without safety concerns. The vaccine contains about 10 mg of squalene per dose and he was not associated with any serious adverse reaction. It has been observed some moderate local reactions, "says the WHO.
The effects of this adjuvant, however, are little known on special populations such as pregnant women, immunocompromised persons or very young children. The High Council of Public Health (HCSP) recommends the use of non-adjuvanted vaccines for children 6 to 23 months, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.
In Canada, GlaxoSmithKline will provide a version without adjuvant, which will be offered to pregnant women.
"Since 1997, 22 million doses of flu vaccine from Chiron (the FLUAD) were administered without safety concerns. The vaccine contains about 10 mg of squalene per dose and he was not associated with any serious adverse reaction. It has been observed some moderate local reactions, "says the WHO.
The effects of this adjuvant, however, are little known on special populations such as pregnant women, immunocompromised persons or very young children. The High Council of Public Health (HCSP) recommends the use of non-adjuvanted vaccines for children 6 to 23 months, pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.
In Canada, GlaxoSmithKline will provide a version without adjuvant, which will be offered to pregnant women.
3 weeks period is recommended between seasonal and pandemic vaccines
The French authorities advise not to delay the seasonal vaccine, then to meet a deadline of at least three weeks before receiving the pandemic vaccine, as recommended by the High Council of Public Health.
People over 65, those suffering from certain illnesses, those residing in a medical facility in the medium or long stay and health professionals are covered by the vaccination for seasonal influenza. More than 9 million policyholders Monday will receive a voucher that will allow them to get free, from Friday, September 25, the vaccine in their pharmacy.
The seniors do not, however, among the first people targeted for vaccination against influenza A H1N1, which will be ready in October, because they would be even better protected against pandemic viruses because their immune system has already met with the same virus type . those priorities for the new vaccine against influenza are pregnant women, young children, immunocompromised patients and caregivers.
Seasonal flu annually affects 2.5 million people in France. It causes about 2,500 deaths per year, of which 90% are over 65 years.
People over 65, those suffering from certain illnesses, those residing in a medical facility in the medium or long stay and health professionals are covered by the vaccination for seasonal influenza. More than 9 million policyholders Monday will receive a voucher that will allow them to get free, from Friday, September 25, the vaccine in their pharmacy.
The seniors do not, however, among the first people targeted for vaccination against influenza A H1N1, which will be ready in October, because they would be even better protected against pandemic viruses because their immune system has already met with the same virus type . those priorities for the new vaccine against influenza are pregnant women, young children, immunocompromised patients and caregivers.
Seasonal flu annually affects 2.5 million people in France. It causes about 2,500 deaths per year, of which 90% are over 65 years.
Review Influenza A H1N1 - 1st October 2009
Worldwide:
>> 5'382 (5'676) dead:
>> + Of 441'000 registered cases (affected country):
36'644 cases of influenza A H1N1 confirmed in Australia.
In France - 30 confirmed deaths
The kindergarten Amur - who has 45 children - has closed its doors yesterday for a period of one week. This precautionary closure has been taken following the outbreak of influenza in 4 students. "The four persons employed in school Amur not found so far technically unemployed: they are responsible, this morning, to clean all that has been in contact with children. What a lot of work in two kindergarten classes: door handles, beds, dining room ... and hundreds of toys. "
(Source: The New Republic)
>> 5'382 (5'676) dead:
- Americas (4'061-4'353) 1'529 in the United States, 899 (1'114) to Brazil, Argentina 538, 231 (308) in Mexico, 143 in Peru, 132 in Chile, 91 in Colombia , 83 in Venezuela, 78 in Canada, 60 in Ecuador, 54 in Bolivia, 52 Paraguay, 37 in Costa Rica, 33 in Uruguay, 21 in Dominican Republic, 19 in El Salvador, 15 in Honduras, 13 in Guatemala, 11 in Nicaragua , 11 in Panama, 4 in Jamaica, 2 in Suriname, 1 Barbados, 1 in French Guiana, 1 in the Cayman Islands, 1 in Martinique and 1 in St. Kitts and Nevis.
- Asia (843-844): 329 India, 165 in Thailand, 77 in Malaysia, 35 in Saudi Arabia, 28 in the Philippines, 28 in Israel, 24 in Hong Kong, 21 in Oman, 18 in Japan, 18 in Singapore, 18 Taiwan, 16 in Vietnam, 11 in South Korea, 10 in Indonesia, 8 in Kuwait, 6 the United Arab Emirates, Yemen 6, 4 to Bangladesh, Iran 4, 3 to Bahrain, Qatar in 3, 2 in Lebanon , 2 in Syria, 1 in Brunei, Cambodia 1, Georgia 1, 1 in Iraq, 1 in Laos, Macau 1, 1 and 0 in Palestine (1) in Russia.
- Oceania (220): 180 in Australia, 18 in New Zealand, 9 in New Caledonia, 7 in French Polynesia, 2 to Samoa, Cook Islands 1, 1 Marshall Islands, 1 in the Solomon Islands and Tonga Islands 1 .
- Europe (154-155): 82 in Great Britain, 36 in Spain, 6 in metropolitan France, 4 in Italy, 4 in Norway, 4 The Netherlands, 3 in Greece, 3 in Malta, 2 in Belgium, 2 in Hungary, 2 Ireland 2 Sweden 1 Germany, 1 Bulgaria, 1 in Luxembourg and 1 (2) in Portugal.
- Africa (104): 83 in South Africa, 8 in Mauritius, 6 at the Meeting, 2 in Egypt, 2 in Mozambique, 1 in Ghana, 1 in Madagascar and 1 in Namibia.
>> + Of 441'000 registered cases (affected country):
36'644 cases of influenza A H1N1 confirmed in Australia.
In France - 30 confirmed deaths
The kindergarten Amur - who has 45 children - has closed its doors yesterday for a period of one week. This precautionary closure has been taken following the outbreak of influenza in 4 students. "The four persons employed in school Amur not found so far technically unemployed: they are responsible, this morning, to clean all that has been in contact with children. What a lot of work in two kindergarten classes: door handles, beds, dining room ... and hundreds of toys. "
(Source: The New Republic)
Normal Body Temperature, Fever, Symptoms of Fever
Normal body Temperaure:
The normal body temperature at rest, is 37 ° C (36.5 ° C and 37.5 ° C by the people) when taken by mouth.
It varies slightly depending on time of day, being generally lower in the morning and higher in late afternoon.
The rectal temperature is higher by about 0.5 ° C than the oral temperature (in the mouth) while the temperature under the armpit is slightly lower than oral temperature.
The normal body temperature at rest, is 37 ° C (36.5 ° C and 37.5 ° C by the people) when taken by mouth.
It varies slightly depending on time of day, being generally lower in the morning and higher in late afternoon.
The rectal temperature is higher by about 0.5 ° C than the oral temperature (in the mouth) while the temperature under the armpit is slightly lower than oral temperature.
Fever:
The fever is at a temperature above 37.5 ° C (or 38 ° C depending on definitions). Beyond 40 ° C, there is a high fever.
Symptoms of fever:
Symptoms are fever, chills, sweating, feeling cold and feeling weak.
About 3% of children 18 months to three years experience seizures when they have a high fever.
Causes of fever
Fever is usually caused by a reaction of the body's defense against aggression. Blood cells, monocytes, produce pyrogens, which cause fever. The agency thus produces pyrogens in response to infection, inflammation, cancer or allergy.
The fever is at a temperature above 37.5 ° C (or 38 ° C depending on definitions). Beyond 40 ° C, there is a high fever.
Symptoms of fever:
Symptoms are fever, chills, sweating, feeling cold and feeling weak.
About 3% of children 18 months to three years experience seizures when they have a high fever.
Causes of fever
Fever is usually caused by a reaction of the body's defense against aggression. Blood cells, monocytes, produce pyrogens, which cause fever. The agency thus produces pyrogens in response to infection, inflammation, cancer or allergy.
Influenza A H1N1: What hydro-alcoholic solution to choose?
The hydro-alcoholic gels are not more effective than handwashing with soap. They are only effective when used on hands dry and relatively clean. They also have no cleaning effect.
Composed largely of alcohol, they spoil quickly hands if used frequently. They must not come into contact with mucous membranes or injury. Accidents such as the projection into the eye should be avoided (use by children is thus more risky). Smokers must be careful because these solutions are flammable.
The hydro-alcoholic solutions on the market have almost all the same actions:
The hydro-alcoholic solutions on the market have almost all the same actions:
- Bactericidal (NF 1040),
- Fungicide / yeasticidal (NF 1275),
- Virucidal (NF T72-180, NC 14476), essential action against the influenza virus.
Some gels bearing the words "cleansing" does not have the antiseptic or disinfectant.
Other criteria that distinguish these products relate to practical aspects and tolerability.
They come in forms of gels, sprays and wipes. They vary from bottle to pump a liter in pocket format of 30 ml. The gel is convenient for hand hygiene. The wipes allow disinfecting objects.
Some products contain additives protective skin as aloe vera, which reduce the drying effect of the product. Some brands offer products based alcohol plant extracts and lemon (known for its anti-bacterial).
A hydro-alcoholic solution is used effectively as well: on dry hands, take a dab of product in the palm of your hand and rub for 30 seconds. Everything must be scrubbed: the tops of hands, palms, between fingers, nails, wrists, and that until the product has completely dried.
Influenza H1N1with sources:
DesiDieter.Com
Other criteria that distinguish these products relate to practical aspects and tolerability.
They come in forms of gels, sprays and wipes. They vary from bottle to pump a liter in pocket format of 30 ml. The gel is convenient for hand hygiene. The wipes allow disinfecting objects.
Some products contain additives protective skin as aloe vera, which reduce the drying effect of the product. Some brands offer products based alcohol plant extracts and lemon (known for its anti-bacterial).
A hydro-alcoholic solution is used effectively as well: on dry hands, take a dab of product in the palm of your hand and rub for 30 seconds. Everything must be scrubbed: the tops of hands, palms, between fingers, nails, wrists, and that until the product has completely dried.
Influenza H1N1with sources:
DesiDieter.Com
Preparing for influenza A (H1N1): do what you need at home?
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Ensure you have at hand the following items:
- Medicines against pain and fever, Tylenol or Advil for example, to treat fever and headache;
- A thermometer;
- Reserves of essential drugs like insulin for people with diabetes, for example;
- Cleaning products, including disinfectants;
- Soap or water-alcohol solution to disinfect their hands;
- Non-perishable foods such as soups, fruits and canned vegetables, and liquids (water, juice) in the event of not being able to go to the grocery store.
What are the symptoms of influenza A (H1N1)?
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Influenza A H1N1 infection is a contagious respiratory tract. Its symptoms are similar to those of seasonal influenza.
The most common symptoms are:
- Fever between 38 ° C and 40 ° C, which begins suddenly and lasts between 2 and 5 days;
- Cough, which lasts about 1 week;
- Fatigue that lasts several days;
- Muscle aches and pains;
- Sore throat;
- Headache;
- Loss of appetite;
- Runny nose.Other symptoms are sometimes:
- Nausea;
- Vomiting;
- Diarrhea.
If any of these symptoms accompanying the fever, it is advisable to consult a doctor the same day:
- Shortness of breath;
- Difficulty breathing;
- Pain with breathing;
- Vomiting for over 4 hours;
- In a child seem very sick and without energy, be difficult to awaken.
If any of the following accompanying fever, you should go to a hospital emergency room immediately.
- Difficulty in breathing persists and increases;
- Blue lips;
- Difficulty moving;
- Significant neck stiffness;
- Drowsiness, confusion, disorientation or difficulty staying awake seizures;
- No urine for 12 hours;
- Fever in a baby under 3 months.
Influenza A H1N1: two types of masks, surgical and protection FFP2
Two types of masks are used to counter the spread of flu masks and surgical masks for respiratory protection (masks FFP2). The projection masks or surgical masks are worn by infectious people in order to protect the environment. Their filtration is not sufficient to protect a healthy person against micro-particles in the air.
They consist of a single layer filter. They provide a protection period of 3 to 4 hours.
In France, they are freely available in pharmacies on prescription. They have no expiration dates.
Masks or respiratory protection masks filter (in forms of duck-billed) are carried by healthy people to protect themselves from viruses suspended in the air.
According to the European standard, masks FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3 hold respectively 80%, 94% and 99% of particles measuring one millionth of a meter. The recommended standard for the protection of healthy people against influenza A is the standard FFP2.
The N95 mask filters, used especially in the United States and Canada 95% filter micro-particles.
These masks are made of two layers of filter. They can be worn for 4 to 8 hours.
They are intended primarily for health personnel and those who are in direct and repeated contact with patients. In the context of influenza A H1N1, they will be provided directly to health professionals by the state and employees exposed (cashiers, tellers ...) by employers. They have an expiry of 4 years.
According to the European standard, masks FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3 hold respectively 80%, 94% and 99% of particles measuring one millionth of a meter. The recommended standard for the protection of healthy people against influenza A is the standard FFP2.
The N95 mask filters, used especially in the United States and Canada 95% filter micro-particles.
These masks are made of two layers of filter. They can be worn for 4 to 8 hours.
They are intended primarily for health personnel and those who are in direct and repeated contact with patients. In the context of influenza A H1N1, they will be provided directly to health professionals by the state and employees exposed (cashiers, tellers ...) by employers. They have an expiry of 4 years.
Influenza A (H1N1): contagion lasts 8 days after onset of symptoms
About 15% of people who contract influenza A H1N1 (swine flu) still contagious, eight days after the onset of symptoms, according to researchers from several universities and research centers in Quebec, under the coordination of Dr. Guy Boivin, center CHUL Research, and Gaston De Serres, National Institute of Public Health of Quebec. After 10 days, no such person is still contagious. These results will be presented at the International Congress Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy being held in San Francisco.
This study was conducted among members of 65 families in Quebec, from May to July 2009. These preliminary results will be complemented by ongoing studies and compared with those of work elsewhere in the world.
Further analysis of blood is taken in the context of this study aimed at better understanding the immune response of infected persons and to determine the proportion of persons infected who show no symptoms.
This study was conducted among members of 65 families in Quebec, from May to July 2009. These preliminary results will be complemented by ongoing studies and compared with those of work elsewhere in the world.
Further analysis of blood is taken in the context of this study aimed at better understanding the immune response of infected persons and to determine the proportion of persons infected who show no symptoms.
Influenza A: How well will treat
1. Recognizing Influenza A
According to the Institute for Public Health: "A possible case of influenza A H1N1 is a person with an acute respiratory syndrome with sudden onset of general symptoms such as fever over 38 ° C or aches or asthenia (fatigue) AND respiratory signs [cough or dyspnea [breathing disorder]]. " Some cases of influenza A have also presented a sore throat, runny nose, headaches or digestive problems (diarrhea, nausea or vomiting).
2. H1N1: When to contact their doctor?
Fatigue, discontinuous headache, fever ... you have symptoms. But when should we contact the doctor? "If the temperature is above 39° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, "says a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. In all cases, if the fever persists for more than three days, the World Health recommends consulting a physician.
3. H1N1: Drugs effective
Paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin attention! Some drugs known to fight against the 'flu can do more harm than good! "We must avoid using acetyl salicylic acid [aspirin] because it increases the risk of Reyes syndrome [disease affecting the liver and brain]," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Also, do not take antiviral drugs (Tamiflu ®, Relenza ®) without consulting a doctor. In fact, "the only drug that can be taken to relieve pain and fever paracetamol [acetaminophen]. The risk / benefit ratio is much higher than that of ibuprofen and ketoprofen." Dosage of paracetamol ( adults and children over 50 kg): 1 g per dose to renew after 6 to 8 hours. Not more than 3 g per day.
4. When taking Tamiflu and Relenza?
Tamiflu and Relenza are antiviral drugs that can alleviate the symptoms of influenza A, shorten its duration and possibly prevent complications. However, "we must take if a doctor prescribes them," he recalled recently the WHO. Especially for Tamiflu, "making its routine may cause nausea, diarrhea and hallucinations," said the HPA (High Health Authority English). They are prescribed to people at risk of complications (respiratory ...) and must be taken within 48 hours after onset of illness to be effective. For other patients, the doctor prescribed symptomatic treatment (paracetamol ...). Note: In a declared pandemic (Phase 6), Tamiflu and Relenza can be prescribed to pregnant women.
5. What if symptoms persist?
Sometimes the symptoms persist or worsen (reprise fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain ...) even being under medical treatment. In this case, nothing should be overlooked! "The risks of complications are pulmonary [lung] and myocarditis [inflammation of the myocardium," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. "There is also a risk of meningo-encephalitis [inflammation of the meninges simultaneous and brain in the brain]," added a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Do not hesitate to remind your doctor. Avoid, however, go there directly because the risk of contagion runs until 48 hours after symptoms disappear.
6. How long is it contagious?
The influenza A, like other forms of influenza (B, C) is a highly contagious disease. The authorities also expect that 20 million people, nearly one third of the national population could be infected by the end of the year! To avoid infection, be aware that the incubation period (time from infection to onset of symptoms) could go, according to the Ministry of Health, up to 7 days. "A person infected with the virus influenza A is contaminating five days before the onset of symptoms," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. She stays until 48 hours after symptoms. In general, influenza A lasts 5 to 8 days.
7. New symptoms in the fall?
"Because the virus influenza A H1N1 is new, we might fear that causes symptoms ... never seen " qoted by a french doctor "Yes, I am not a soothsayer but one can imagine that could fall soon occur greater virulence with mutation of the virus and complications more frequent [pneumonia, meningo-encephalitis]. As to Professor Bernard Debre, a physician and member UMP: "Of course, this virus can mutate and become virulent although for now this is not the view expressed by the majority of virologists." (July 26, 2009-JDD). Conclusion: no need for alarm yet, but remain cautious while respecting their c onseils anti influenza A.
8. How to stem the epidemic?
If you do not feel well, show a high fever, cough and / or sore throat, you should take some preventive measures to avoid contaminating your friends! The first: stay home! The transmission of the virus being by air, leaving you spread it everywhere! If you are forced to go out, wear a mask. Do the same, if you're visiting. Then, it is advised to wash their hands regularly (at least after coughing or sneezing) with soap or alcoholic solution (sold in pharmacies and supermarkets) for 40 to 60 seconds, and cover the mouth and nose with a tissue (disposable after each use) when coughing or sneezing. Finally, regularly ventilate the rooms.
Inspired By :
DesiDieter
According to the Institute for Public Health: "A possible case of influenza A H1N1 is a person with an acute respiratory syndrome with sudden onset of general symptoms such as fever over 38 ° C or aches or asthenia (fatigue) AND respiratory signs [cough or dyspnea [breathing disorder]]. " Some cases of influenza A have also presented a sore throat, runny nose, headaches or digestive problems (diarrhea, nausea or vomiting).
2. H1N1: When to contact their doctor?
Fatigue, discontinuous headache, fever ... you have symptoms. But when should we contact the doctor? "If the temperature is above 39° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, "says a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. In all cases, if the fever persists for more than three days, the World Health recommends consulting a physician.
3. H1N1: Drugs effective
Paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin attention! Some drugs known to fight against the 'flu can do more harm than good! "We must avoid using acetyl salicylic acid [aspirin] because it increases the risk of Reyes syndrome [disease affecting the liver and brain]," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Also, do not take antiviral drugs (Tamiflu ®, Relenza ®) without consulting a doctor. In fact, "the only drug that can be taken to relieve pain and fever paracetamol [acetaminophen]. The risk / benefit ratio is much higher than that of ibuprofen and ketoprofen." Dosage of paracetamol ( adults and children over 50 kg): 1 g per dose to renew after 6 to 8 hours. Not more than 3 g per day.
4. When taking Tamiflu and Relenza?
Tamiflu and Relenza are antiviral drugs that can alleviate the symptoms of influenza A, shorten its duration and possibly prevent complications. However, "we must take if a doctor prescribes them," he recalled recently the WHO. Especially for Tamiflu, "making its routine may cause nausea, diarrhea and hallucinations," said the HPA (High Health Authority English). They are prescribed to people at risk of complications (respiratory ...) and must be taken within 48 hours after onset of illness to be effective. For other patients, the doctor prescribed symptomatic treatment (paracetamol ...). Note: In a declared pandemic (Phase 6), Tamiflu and Relenza can be prescribed to pregnant women.
5. What if symptoms persist?
Sometimes the symptoms persist or worsen (reprise fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain ...) even being under medical treatment. In this case, nothing should be overlooked! "The risks of complications are pulmonary [lung] and myocarditis [inflammation of the myocardium," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. "There is also a risk of meningo-encephalitis [inflammation of the meninges simultaneous and brain in the brain]," added a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Do not hesitate to remind your doctor. Avoid, however, go there directly because the risk of contagion runs until 48 hours after symptoms disappear.
6. How long is it contagious?
The influenza A, like other forms of influenza (B, C) is a highly contagious disease. The authorities also expect that 20 million people, nearly one third of the national population could be infected by the end of the year! To avoid infection, be aware that the incubation period (time from infection to onset of symptoms) could go, according to the Ministry of Health, up to 7 days. "A person infected with the virus influenza A is contaminating five days before the onset of symptoms," said Dr. Patrick Pelloux, an emergency physician. She stays until 48 hours after symptoms. In general, influenza A lasts 5 to 8 days.
7. New symptoms in the fall?
"Because the virus influenza A H1N1 is new, we might fear that causes symptoms ... never seen " qoted by a french doctor "Yes, I am not a soothsayer but one can imagine that could fall soon occur greater virulence with mutation of the virus and complications more frequent [pneumonia, meningo-encephalitis]. As to Professor Bernard Debre, a physician and member UMP: "Of course, this virus can mutate and become virulent although for now this is not the view expressed by the majority of virologists." (July 26, 2009-JDD). Conclusion: no need for alarm yet, but remain cautious while respecting their c onseils anti influenza A.
8. How to stem the epidemic?
If you do not feel well, show a high fever, cough and / or sore throat, you should take some preventive measures to avoid contaminating your friends! The first: stay home! The transmission of the virus being by air, leaving you spread it everywhere! If you are forced to go out, wear a mask. Do the same, if you're visiting. Then, it is advised to wash their hands regularly (at least after coughing or sneezing) with soap or alcoholic solution (sold in pharmacies and supermarkets) for 40 to 60 seconds, and cover the mouth and nose with a tissue (disposable after each use) when coughing or sneezing. Finally, regularly ventilate the rooms.
Inspired By :
DesiDieter
Tamiflu | Flu Treatment and Prevention
Name: TAMIFLU
Presentation:
- Capsules (yellow: 30 mg; gray: 45 mg, yellow and gray: 75 mg)
- Powder for oral suspension (12 mg / ml).
Directions:
- In the treatment of influenza, it can be used in patients who show symptoms of the flu, when we know that the virus circulates within the community.
- In the prevention of influenza, it can be used in patients who had contact with a person sticking.
This use is generally determined on a case by case but may, in exceptional circumstances, take the form of a season. For example, vaccination against influenza, and insufficient pandemic (epidemic influenza worldwide).
Caution: Tamiflu does not replace vaccination against influenza and its use must be based on official recommendations.
Dosage:
- Treatment of influenza (initiated within two days after onset of symptoms): a dose taken twice daily for five days.
- Prevention of influenza (initiated within two days after contact with someone with the flu): One dose taken once daily for at least 10 days after contact with an infected person.
- Epidemic influenza: a dose of Tamiflu may be taken for a maximum period of six weeks.
The dose of Tamiflu ® is 75 mg for an adult or child over 40 kg. For a child under 40 kg, the dose is adjusted according to weight using low-dose capsules (30 or 45 mg) or suspension (if the child can not swallow capsules).
Administrative Procedures:
Oral
Caution:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in children under one year. Doses should be reduced in patients suffering from kidney problems.
Drug Interactions:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in people who are hypersensitive (allergic) to oseltamivir.
Side effects:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting and diarrhea (especially children)
Policy Statement:
The active ingredient of Tamiflu ®, oseltamivir, acts specifically on the virus of influenza by inhibiting certain enzymes present on its surface, called neuraminidase. When neuraminidase is inhibited, the spread of infection is halted. Oseltamivir acts both on the neuraminidase of virus influenza type A (most common) and those of virus influenza type B.
Pregnancy and lactation:
There are no adequate data on the use of oseltamivir in pregnant women. Oseltamivir should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Oseltamivir should be used during breastfeeding if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the breastfed infant.
Studies to date:
- Treatment: The effects of Tamiflu ® were first tested in experimental models before being studied in humans. In it, Tamiflu ® was compared with placebo (a dummy treatment) in studies evaluating the treatment of influenza (2 413 adults and adolescents, 741 patients and 1 033 children). Efficacy was measured using a scorecard on which the patients recorded their symptoms (feeling of fever, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, cough, malaise and runny nose).
- Prevention of influenza: Tamiflu ® has been studied in people who were exposed to the disease after a family member had contracted the flu (962 cases) or during an epidemic (1 562 individuals aged 16 55 years and 548 elderly people in nursing homes). The study measured the incidence of influenza as demonstrated by laboratory tests. One study also examined the use of Tamiflu ® in a family (277 families), both for treating the person with the flu for the treatment or prevention of influenza among persons in contact with the patient.
The effects shown to date:
- Treatment in adults: the use of Tamiflu ® has reduced the duration of illness of 4.2 days against 5.2 days for patients on placebo. Among children aged one to six years, duration of disease was reduced by 1.5 days.
- Prevention: Tamiflu ® reduced the incidence of influenza among persons in contact with a person sticking. In the study during an epidemic, 1% of people taking Tamiflu ® have developed the flu after contact, against 5% of those on placebo. In families with a person with the flu, 7% of household members have developed the flu after receiving preventive treatment with Tamiflu ®, as against 20% among those who did not receive preventive treatment.
Why Tamiflu ® has been approved?
The flu is seasonal normally handled through vaccination. The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that the benefits of Tamiflu ® outweigh its risks for treatment and prevention of influenza, as a complementary method used in a pandemic or when vaccines against the flu are not effective against the virus of avian origin with seasonal epidemics.
More information on Tamiflu:
The European Commission has granted a permission marketing valid throughout the European Union for Tamiflu ® Roche Registration Limited June 20, 2002. Permission marketing was renewed June 20, 2007.
Issue:
The drug is issued with a prescription.
Presentation:
- Capsules (yellow: 30 mg; gray: 45 mg, yellow and gray: 75 mg)
- Powder for oral suspension (12 mg / ml).
Directions:
- In the treatment of influenza, it can be used in patients who show symptoms of the flu, when we know that the virus circulates within the community.
- In the prevention of influenza, it can be used in patients who had contact with a person sticking.
This use is generally determined on a case by case but may, in exceptional circumstances, take the form of a season. For example, vaccination against influenza, and insufficient pandemic (epidemic influenza worldwide).
Caution: Tamiflu does not replace vaccination against influenza and its use must be based on official recommendations.
Dosage:
- Treatment of influenza (initiated within two days after onset of symptoms): a dose taken twice daily for five days.
- Prevention of influenza (initiated within two days after contact with someone with the flu): One dose taken once daily for at least 10 days after contact with an infected person.
- Epidemic influenza: a dose of Tamiflu may be taken for a maximum period of six weeks.
The dose of Tamiflu ® is 75 mg for an adult or child over 40 kg. For a child under 40 kg, the dose is adjusted according to weight using low-dose capsules (30 or 45 mg) or suspension (if the child can not swallow capsules).
Administrative Procedures:
Oral
Caution:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in children under one year. Doses should be reduced in patients suffering from kidney problems.
Drug Interactions:
Tamiflu ® should not be used in people who are hypersensitive (allergic) to oseltamivir.
Side effects:
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting and diarrhea (especially children)
Policy Statement:
The active ingredient of Tamiflu ®, oseltamivir, acts specifically on the virus of influenza by inhibiting certain enzymes present on its surface, called neuraminidase. When neuraminidase is inhibited, the spread of infection is halted. Oseltamivir acts both on the neuraminidase of virus influenza type A (most common) and those of virus influenza type B.
Pregnancy and lactation:
There are no adequate data on the use of oseltamivir in pregnant women. Oseltamivir should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Oseltamivir should be used during breastfeeding if the benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the breastfed infant.
Studies to date:
- Treatment: The effects of Tamiflu ® were first tested in experimental models before being studied in humans. In it, Tamiflu ® was compared with placebo (a dummy treatment) in studies evaluating the treatment of influenza (2 413 adults and adolescents, 741 patients and 1 033 children). Efficacy was measured using a scorecard on which the patients recorded their symptoms (feeling of fever, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, cough, malaise and runny nose).
- Prevention of influenza: Tamiflu ® has been studied in people who were exposed to the disease after a family member had contracted the flu (962 cases) or during an epidemic (1 562 individuals aged 16 55 years and 548 elderly people in nursing homes). The study measured the incidence of influenza as demonstrated by laboratory tests. One study also examined the use of Tamiflu ® in a family (277 families), both for treating the person with the flu for the treatment or prevention of influenza among persons in contact with the patient.
The effects shown to date:
- Treatment in adults: the use of Tamiflu ® has reduced the duration of illness of 4.2 days against 5.2 days for patients on placebo. Among children aged one to six years, duration of disease was reduced by 1.5 days.
- Prevention: Tamiflu ® reduced the incidence of influenza among persons in contact with a person sticking. In the study during an epidemic, 1% of people taking Tamiflu ® have developed the flu after contact, against 5% of those on placebo. In families with a person with the flu, 7% of household members have developed the flu after receiving preventive treatment with Tamiflu ®, as against 20% among those who did not receive preventive treatment.
Why Tamiflu ® has been approved?
The flu is seasonal normally handled through vaccination. The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that the benefits of Tamiflu ® outweigh its risks for treatment and prevention of influenza, as a complementary method used in a pandemic or when vaccines against the flu are not effective against the virus of avian origin with seasonal epidemics.
More information on Tamiflu:
The European Commission has granted a permission marketing valid throughout the European Union for Tamiflu ® Roche Registration Limited June 20, 2002. Permission marketing was renewed June 20, 2007.
Issue:
The drug is issued with a prescription.
Influenza A: Are you at risk?
1. Cardiac, diabetic, smokers more at risk ...!
Several risk factors for H1N1 viruses tend to emerge. "To date [July 22, 2009], in addition to known risk situations [...] whose asthma and COPD [chronic pulmonary obstructive], pregnant women and children under 5 years seem more vulnerable to the virus influenza A, "updated by a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. As for WHO she said on July 24, 2009 that "cardio-vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer are among the risk factors for severe forms of influenza H1N1 pandemic of 2009." Finally, smokers may be more at risk for the influenza A as cigarette smoke reduces airway defense against external aggressions, including those of the flu.
2. Overweight: greater risk of influenza A?
D of the French Society of General Medicine said"The people of obesity appear to be more sensitive to the virus influenza A H1N1,". The WHO also recalled "high prevalence of obesity has been reported early in very serious cases or deaths by clinicians in Mexico. Again explains: "A recent report has reported: from 10 ventilated patients in ICUs in Michigan (USA), 9 had a BMI ≥ 30 and 7 BMI ≥ 40 [...]. Of the 50 cases fatalities recorded in California, 30 had a BMI ≥ 30. Among them, 11 showed no known risk factors for complications. " Since then, WHO has requested that further studies be conducted to understand the role played by obesity in the severity of the flu.
3. The over 60s are not immune!
According to a study published in June 2009, severe pneumonia and deaths from H1N1 viruses observed in Mexico in April 2009 involved mainly people aged 5 to 59 years. Scientific hypothesis: the more than 60 years would be more likely to have been exposed during their life to a virus similar to H1N1 (eg flu epidemic of 1957), which would have enabled them to generate a protective antibody But ... Dr Patrick Pelloux, emergency physician, said that "the elderly are most at risk from complications of influenza A because they already suffer frequent infections of the heart, kidneys, immune problems ... what with the virus of influenza, leads to superinfection.
4. H1N1: how to recognize symptoms
"No symptoms does differentiates influenza A to influenza seasonal," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Clearly, the signs that should alert are: fever over 38 ° C and / or stiffness and / or tiredness associated with dry cough and / or respiratory and / or sore throat or runny nose . Even if it's more casual, the virus of influenza A can also cause digestive disorders (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting). "In the elderly, the symptoms are often misleading, but fever and respiratory signs are often absent," said our interlocutor. In case of doubt or symptoms persist more than 48 hours, contact your doctor.
5. Influenza A: When to consult?
"If the temperature is above 39 ° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, should go see a doctor, "said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Moreover, according to the World Health must in all cases consult a doctor if the fever persists for more than three days. Beware, if you're one of those at risk of virus influenza A (over 65 years, diabetes, cardiovascular disease or lung, respiratory disorders, obesity ...) you must not hesitate to contact your doctor as soon as you experience these symptoms .
6. Should he wear a mask?
Since July 23, 2009, pharmacies issue free prescription masks of projections (called "surgical mask"). However, do not bother to run to your doctor to prescribe you one if you're not sick! Indeed, the wearing of masks is recommended only if we take care of a sick person or if one is ill and we have contacts with people, inside or outside. Do not touch when you wear it and wash your hands after having removed. And take the mask after each use.
Inspired By :
Swine Flu
Several risk factors for H1N1 viruses tend to emerge. "To date [July 22, 2009], in addition to known risk situations [...] whose asthma and COPD [chronic pulmonary obstructive], pregnant women and children under 5 years seem more vulnerable to the virus influenza A, "updated by a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. As for WHO she said on July 24, 2009 that "cardio-vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer are among the risk factors for severe forms of influenza H1N1 pandemic of 2009." Finally, smokers may be more at risk for the influenza A as cigarette smoke reduces airway defense against external aggressions, including those of the flu.
2. Overweight: greater risk of influenza A?
D of the French Society of General Medicine said"The people of obesity appear to be more sensitive to the virus influenza A H1N1,". The WHO also recalled "high prevalence of obesity has been reported early in very serious cases or deaths by clinicians in Mexico. Again explains: "A recent report has reported: from 10 ventilated patients in ICUs in Michigan (USA), 9 had a BMI ≥ 30 and 7 BMI ≥ 40 [...]. Of the 50 cases fatalities recorded in California, 30 had a BMI ≥ 30. Among them, 11 showed no known risk factors for complications. " Since then, WHO has requested that further studies be conducted to understand the role played by obesity in the severity of the flu.
3. The over 60s are not immune!
According to a study published in June 2009, severe pneumonia and deaths from H1N1 viruses observed in Mexico in April 2009 involved mainly people aged 5 to 59 years. Scientific hypothesis: the more than 60 years would be more likely to have been exposed during their life to a virus similar to H1N1 (eg flu epidemic of 1957), which would have enabled them to generate a protective antibody But ... Dr Patrick Pelloux, emergency physician, said that "the elderly are most at risk from complications of influenza A because they already suffer frequent infections of the heart, kidneys, immune problems ... what with the virus of influenza, leads to superinfection.
4. H1N1: how to recognize symptoms
"No symptoms does differentiates influenza A to influenza seasonal," said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Clearly, the signs that should alert are: fever over 38 ° C and / or stiffness and / or tiredness associated with dry cough and / or respiratory and / or sore throat or runny nose . Even if it's more casual, the virus of influenza A can also cause digestive disorders (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting). "In the elderly, the symptoms are often misleading, but fever and respiratory signs are often absent," said our interlocutor. In case of doubt or symptoms persist more than 48 hours, contact your doctor.
5. Influenza A: When to consult?
"If the temperature is above 39 ° C with general symptoms like headache, body aches, extreme fatigue. If it is associated with respiratory disorders [dyspnea] basithoraciques or pain, or if it is associated with neurological signs, should go see a doctor, "said a doctor of the French Society of General Medicine. Moreover, according to the World Health must in all cases consult a doctor if the fever persists for more than three days. Beware, if you're one of those at risk of virus influenza A (over 65 years, diabetes, cardiovascular disease or lung, respiratory disorders, obesity ...) you must not hesitate to contact your doctor as soon as you experience these symptoms .
6. Should he wear a mask?
Since July 23, 2009, pharmacies issue free prescription masks of projections (called "surgical mask"). However, do not bother to run to your doctor to prescribe you one if you're not sick! Indeed, the wearing of masks is recommended only if we take care of a sick person or if one is ill and we have contacts with people, inside or outside. Do not touch when you wear it and wash your hands after having removed. And take the mask after each use.
Inspired By :
Swine Flu
Swine Flu, Tests, New Type Of Swine Flu
Swine flu, easily overtakes other strains. Put swine flu in a room with other strains of influenza and it doesn't mix into a new super bug — it takes over. The animals who caught both kinds of flu, however, had worse symptoms. And they easily spread the new swine flu, what scientists formally call the 2009 H1N1 virus, to their uninfected ferret neighbors — but didn't spread regular winter flu strains nearly as easily. The new swine flu virus that has killed up to 159 people in Mexico and one Mexican baby in the United States remains tiny in scale compared to other global epidemics. An influenza pandemic can occur when a new influenza virus subtype emerges and spreads easily among human beings. An influenza pandemic can begin at any time of the year and any place in the world, and is expected to spread to the rest of the world within several weeks or months. A single wave of pandemic could last several weeks to a few months, but will likely vary from country to country and even by community. Most communities are expected to experience multiple waves of a pandemic. Increased hospitalizations, deaths and other effects are expected to vary widely among countries and communities. Vulnerable populations are expected to be affected more severely.
The articles talk about :
1) Swine Flu.
2) Tests.
3) New Type Of Swine Flu.
Inspired by :
Desi Dieter
Secrets of Swine Flu : H1N1 Pendemic
Subscribe by desi dieter
The articles talk about :
1) Swine Flu.
2) Tests.
3) New Type Of Swine Flu.
Inspired by :
Desi Dieter
Secrets of Swine Flu : H1N1 Pendemic
Subscribe by desi dieter
